北京市某社区老年人多次跌倒发生率及相关因素的随访研究

A prospective study on recurrent falls and related factors in elderly from the urban communities in Beijing

目的调查北京市某社区老年人多次跌倒的发生情况，并探讨跌倒相关因素。方法以北京市某社区为调查现场，2009年抽取472名老年人采用面对面询问方式进行人户调查，通过单因素及多因素logistic回归分析多次跌倒的影响因素。结果472名老年人中，跌倒≥2次共29名，多次跌倒发生率为6．1％。多因素logistic回归分析显示，家庭月收入高（OR=1．39，95％CI：0．67～2．16）、担心跌倒（OR=2．23，95％CI：1．47—3．85）、静态平衡异常（OR=2．48，95％CI：1．84-4．05）是老年人多次跌倒的危险因素，楼梯台阶宽度合适（OR=0．49，95％CI：0．21～1．12）、日常用品易于取放（OR=0．41，95％CI：0．14～1．16）是多次跌倒的保护因素。结论北京市某社区老年人多次跌倒发生率高，跌倒发生与多种因素有关，应采取综合性措施预防老年人跌倒。

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors for recurrent falls in community-dwelling elderly in Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 472 elderly in the Longtan community of Dongcheng district, Beijing in 2009. Data on recurrent falls within the past 12 months were collected through face-to-face interview, with both single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis used to explore the related factors on recurrent falls in the elderly. Results The incidence of recurrent falls among 472 older adults was 6.1% （29） within the past 12 months. Results from logistic regression analysis showed that factors as higher family monthly income （OR=- 1.39, 95% CI： 0.67-2.16） , afraid of being fallen （0R=2.23, 95% CI： 1.47-3.85） and abnormal static balance （0R=2.48, 95% C I： 1.84-4.05）were risk factors, while bench height in the surrounding environment （0R=0.49, 95% CI： 0.21-1.12） and easiness of access to daily supplies （OR=0.41,95%CI： 0.14-1.16）were protective factors for recurrent falls. Conclusion The incidence of recurrent falls among the elderly from the communities in Beijing was high. Since falls could be caused by various factors, intervention should be targeting on risk factors in a multi-dimensional way.