重庆市0～5岁儿童出生缺陷空间地理分布及其与土壤化学元素关系的研究

Spatial distribution of birth defects among children aged 0 to 5 years and its relationship with soil chemical elements in Chongqing

目的探讨出生缺陷发生率与土壤化学元素含量的相关性，为筛选致病因子及其防治提供科学依据。方法用Maplnfo7．0软件绘制33个研究区出生缺陷发生率和11种土壤化学元素含量水平的空间分布地图，将两变量地图叠加进行空间相关性分析；采用SAS8．0软件做两者的单因子、多因子及主成分分析，并综合评价两者的关联程度。结果出生缺陷发生率空间分布图与土壤化学元素铜（Cu）、铬（cr）、碘（I）、硒（se）、锌（Zn）含量异常的分布图呈一定程度的负相关，与铅（Pb）含量水平呈一定程度正相关；主成分回归方程提示：Cu（0．002）、砷（As）（-0．07）、镉（Cd）（0．05）、Cr（-0．001）、Zn（0．001）、I（-0．03）、Pb（0．08）、氟（F）（-0．002）元素含量的高低可能是影响出生缺陷患病率的重要因素。结论出生缺陷发生率与土壤中Cu、Cr、I、Se、Zn、Pb的含量水平在空间地理分布上具有相关性，其中元素Cr、I、Pb可能是出生缺陷发生的原因之一。

Objective To explore the correlation between the incidence of birth defects and the contents of soil elements so as to provide a scientific basis for screening the related pathogenic factors that inducing birth defects for the development of related preventive and control strategies. Methods MapInfo 7.0 software was used to draw the maps on spatial distribution regarding the incidence rates of birth defects and the contents of 11 chemical elements in soil in the 33 studied areas. Variables on the two maps were superposed for analyzing the spatial correlation. SAS 8,0 software was used to analyze single factor, multi-factors and principal components as well as to comprehensively evaluate the degrees of relevance. Results Different incidence rates of birth defects showed in the maps of spatial distribution presented certain degrees of negative correlation with anomalies of soil chemical elements, including copper, chrome, iodine, selenium, zinc while positively correlated with the levels of lead. Results from the principal component regression equation indicating that the contents of copper （0.002） , arsenic （-0.07） , cadmium （0.05） , chrome （-0.001） , zinc （0.001）, iodine （-0.03）, lead （0.08）, fluorine（-0.002） might serve as important factors that related to the prevalence of birth defects. Conclusion Through the study on spatial distribution, we noticed that the incidence rates of birth defects were related to the contents of copper, chrome, iodine, selenium, zinc, lead in soil while the contents of chrome, iodine and lead might lead to the occurrence of birth defects.