2Barr J,Fraser GL,Puntillo K. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain,agitation,and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit[J].Critical Care Medicine,2013,(01):263-306.
3American Academy of Pediatrics,Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health,Task Force on Pain in Infants,Children and Adolescents. The assessment and management of acute pain in infants,children,and adolescents[J].Pediatrics,2001,(03):793-797.
4Lamas A,López-Herce J. Monitoring sedation in the critically ill child[J].Anaesthesia,2010,(05):516-524.
5Gandhi M,Playfor SD. Managing pain in critically ill children[J].Minerva Pediatrica,2010,(02):189-202.
6Powers KS,Nazarian EB,Tapyrik SA. Bispectral index as a guide for titration of propofol during procedural sedation among children[J].Pediatrics,2005,(06):1666-1674.
6Fournier-Charrière E,Tourniaire B,Carbajal R. Evendol,a new behavioral pain scale for children ages 0 to 7 years in the emergency department:Design and validation[J].{H}PAIN,2012,(8):1573-1582.
7Dorfman TL,Sumamo Schellenberg E,Rempel GR. An evaluation of instruments for scoring physiological and behavioral cues of pain,non-pain related distress,and adequacy of analgesia and sedation in pediatric mechanically ventilated patients:A systematic review[J].{H}International Journal of nursing studies,2013.
8Puntillo K,Pasero C,Li D. Evaluation of pain in ICU patients[J].{H}CHEST,2009,(4):1069-1074.
9Rosu ST,Duma O,Gotia S. Assessment and self-assessment of acute pain at child[J].Romanian J Pediatr,2012,(3):259-262.
10Merkel SI,Voepel-Lewis T,Shayevitz JR. The FLACC:a behavioral scale for scoring post operative pain in young children[J].Pediatr Nursing,1997,(3):293-297.
