中草药种植对宁夏居民生计及环境修复的影响

Economic benefit and ecological restoration effects to local people through planting Chinese herbs in Ningxia

传统的生态修复不能使当地居民摆脱贫困,而畜牧业和农业又面临着过度放牧等对资源的过度消耗问题,荒漠化地区中草药种植不但能提升居民收入,而且能带来生态环境效益。本研究以宁夏地区的中草药种植情况为例,采用市场价值法、调查评价法和影子工程法等生态经济学分析方法对中草药的生态经济环境效益进行综合评价。结果表明,宁夏地区中草药成交额由2001年的1.628亿元增加到2010年的13.543亿元;在pH值为8.64的盐碱土壤中种植中草药可以降低土壤盐分;种植中草药可以改善土壤理化性质,提升林草覆盖率,实现生态修复,从而使西部荒漠化地区经济发展与环境保护通过产业化模式发展起来,不失为当地居民摆脱"贫困陷阱"的一种好方法。

The traditional ecological restoration can＇t get the local people out of poverty trap. The animal husbandry and agriculture are faced with overgrazing, over-consumption of resources. Chinese herbal is a tradition medicine used for treating diseases, planting herbs in desertification area can improve people＇s income and bring environmental benefits. In this study, taking Ningxia herbs planting as an example, ecology and economy statistics analyzes methods such as market value, investigation appraisal method and shadow engineering method were used to judge the economic and ecology value of planting Chinese herbs. The results showed that planting Chinese herbs could increase the income of local farmer and promote adjustment of industrial structure. Planting Chinese herbs could also improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase the vegetation coverage rate and improve environmental and economic perspectives as well as eradicate poverty trap.