从结构主义视角论“世界文学”与“比较文学”

World Literature and Comparative Literature from the Perspective of Structuralism

从结构主义的理论视角来看,"世界文学"可以被看作是一个与"语言"具有类似性质的结构系统,分为具体的"世界文学"结构系统和抽象的"世界文学"结构系统,前者主要由"民族文学"构成,是具体的文学创作层面的结构系统;后者主要是以"比较文学"形式存在的"世界文学"结构系统,它体现出具体系统中各组成成分之间的动态关系,是抽象的跨越民族的阅读方式。"世界文学"的结构系统是一个有欠缺的、不断会有新文本加入的结构系统,"比较文学"更是赋予了"世界文学"以不断发展更新的动力,使得全球化语境下的"世界文学"成为一种动态的"文学间系统"。

From the perspective of structuralism, ＂world literature＂ could be viewed as a structure similar to that of ＂language＂, and such structure could be divided into two lay- ers, the concrete structure and the abstract structure, with the former being composed of ＂national literature＂, referring to the concrete literature creation, the latter being the struc- ture in the form of ＂comparative literature＂, embodying the dynamic relationship between the components in the concrete structure and representing itself＂ as a kind of abstract cross- nation reading pattern. The structure of ＂world literature＂ is the one with some structural deficiency, for there will always be more new texts getting into the structure, while ＂com- parative literature＂ endows ＂world literature＂ with driving power to keeping moving and developing, thus making ＂world literature＂ in the contemporary context of globalization a dynamic ＂interliterary system＂.