环境约束下的我国钢铁企业技术效率研究

Study on China's Iron and Steel Enterprises Technical Efficiency Under Environmental Protection

现有研究在评价钢铁企业技术效率时,没有考虑决策单元非期望产出对环境的影响。运用Undesirable-SBM模型,将钢铁企业能耗、水耗及非期望产出纳入效率评价模型,对2006—2010年我国重点大中型钢铁企业技术效率进行综合评价,结果表明:第一,能源、水资源和环境约束下我国钢铁企业技术效率总体不高,低效率广泛存在于钢铁企业中,并且近年来钢铁企业之间效率差距有扩大趋势;第二,我国钢铁企业节能减排潜力巨大,平均而言,能源可降低28.93%,水资源可降低29.54%,废气排放可降低26.42%,废水可降低49.78%,废渣可降低34.21%;第三,我国钢铁企业技术效率存在地区差异,总体表现为自东向西降低,但2007年后,西部钢铁企业技术效率上升显著,而东部和中部技术效率却呈现下降趋势。

Based on Undesirable-SBM, this article investigated technical efficiency of Chinese iron and steel enter- prises during 2006-2010 by taking energy consumption, water consumption and undesirable outputs into consider- ation. The results are as flowing： First, the average technical efficiency was very low which indicated inefficiency in many of the plants. Second, these enterprises had a huge potential to reduce the energy consumption, water consumption as well as waste emission. On average, the energy consumption saving potential was 28.93 percent, water consumption saving potential was 29.54 percent, waste gas reduction potential was 26.42 percent, waste wa- ter reduction potential was 49.78 percent, solid waste reduction potential was 28.93 percent. Third, energy efficien- cy varies in different regions. Overall, eastem efficiency value was the highest, followed by central, then westem However, the western efficiency increased after 2007 while eastem and central were decreased.