1990—2011年广西浦北县流行性乙型脑炎流行特征

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of Japanese encephalitis in Pubei County of Guangxi from 1990-2011

目的分析浦北县22年流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)流行特征,为当地乙脑防治提供科学依据。方法收集整理该县1990—2011年报告的乙脑病例资料进行统计和分析,乙脑病例早期诊断采用酶链免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清IgM。结果 1990—2011年该县共报告乙脑病例136例,死亡24例,留有后遗症患者5例。在过去的22年中有5年无病例报告,有病例报告的17年中人群年均发病率为1.02/10万,人群年均死亡率为0.18/10万;但1999和2002年人群年发病率分别到达10.09/10万和2.31/10万,人群年死亡率分别为2.42/10万和0.51/10万。0～6岁幼儿病例占总病例数的89.71%。全县16个镇除1个镇无病例报告外均有病例报告。结论该县属于广西乙脑流行非常不稳定的县份之一,每年应加强并提高乙脑疫苗应接种人群的接种率,继续保持乙脑病例的减少。

[ Objective] To analyze the epidemic characteristics of Japanese encephalitis {JE） in Pubei County in past 22 years, provide the scientific basis for JE prevention and control. [ Methods] The JE cases in Pubei County from 1990-2011 were collected and statistically analyzed, and ELISA test was used to test IgM in JE early diagnosis. [ Results] A total of 136 JE cases were repor- ted in Pubei County from 1990-2011, and there were 24 cases of death and 5 cases of sequelae. In past 22 years, no case was re- ported in 5 years. In rest 17 years, the average annual incidence rate was 1.02/lakh, while the average annual mortality rate was 0.18/lakh. In 1999 and 2002, the annual incidence rate reached 10.09/lakh and 2.31/lakh respectively, while the annual mortal- ity rate was 2.42/lakh and O. 51/lakh respectively. 89.71% of cases were children aged 0-6 years old, and 15 of 16 towns in this county had the reports. [ Conclusion] This county is one of the counties that JE epidemic situation is very unstable in Guangxi. It is necessary to strengthen and improve the coverage rate of JE vaccine among the high risk population every year, to reduce the inci- dence rate of JE.