天津市3所中学学生对麻疹、风疹和腮腺炎的认知情况及健康教育效果

Cognitive situation of measles,rubella and mumps and effect of health education among students in 3 middle schools in Tianjin

目的了解天津市中学生对麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎认知现状,评价健康教育的效果。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取3所中学的1 075名中学生,干预前后进行问卷调查,健康教育的形式包括发放宣传折页、张贴宣传画,开展健康讲座、知识有奖竞答和广播、发放家长信。对干预前后的知晓率进行χ2检验,对影响因素进行logistic回归分析。结果基线调查1 075名学生,麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎相关知识总的知晓率为48.19%,对高发季节、预防措施、易感人群、隔离期、传播途径、传染源、主要症状的知晓率在14.60%～69.12%,干预后知晓率有不同程度的提高,差异均有统计学意义。干预后行为题回答正确率分别为91.67%、94.01%和92.07%,较干预前有明显提高(P<0.05)。中学生性别对相关知识知晓率无影响,学生居住地是影响知晓率的重要因素。结论在中学生中开展专项的麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎的健康教育能提高中学生对其认知水平、促进其提高主动防病的意识、健康教育促进的形式、落实更应关注远郊农村地区。

[ Objective ] To understand the cognitive situation of measles, rubella and mumps among middle school students in Tian- jin, evaluate the health education. [ Methods] By using stratified random cluster sampling, 1 075 students were collected from 3 middle schools, and the questionnaire survey was conducted before and after the intervention. The ways of health education includ- ed promotional leaflet, publicity pictures, health lecture, knowledge prize play, broadcast and letter to parents. The awareness rate before and after the intervention was analyzed by X2 test, and the influencing factors were investigated by logistic regression analy- sis. [ Results ] The baseline survey showed that the total awareness rate of measles, rubella and mumps among 1 075 students was 48.19%, and the awareness rates of peak season, preventive measures, susceptible population, quarantine, transmission route, infection sources and main symptoms ranged from 14.60% to 69.12%. The awareness rates after the intervention have increased as compared with those before the intervention, and the differences were statistical significant. The correct rate of behavior problems after the intervention was respectively 91.67%, 94.01% and 92.07%, which were significantly higher than those before the inter- vention （ P 〈 0.05 ）. There was no significant difference in awareness rates of related knowledge between boys and girls. The habi- tat of students was the main influencing factor of awareness rates. [ Conclusion ] The health education of measles, rubella and mumps among middle school students can improve their cognitive level of these diseases, and promote the active prevention con- sciousness. The form and implementation of health education should focus on the outer suburbs and rural areas.