对社区儿童家长行预防接种健康教育的效果评价

Evaluation on effect of health education about vaccination among parents of children in the community

目的探讨唐山市路北区社区内儿童家长行预防接种健康教育的效果。方法选取2011年3—8月份路北区社区卫生服务中心进行预防接种的儿童家长241人,随机分为对照组和干预组,对照组仅在接种日进行常规教育,干预组采取多种形式进行健康教育。1年后比较两组儿童家长对预防接种知识的知晓率、对预防接种服务的满意度、儿童Ⅰ类疫苗合格接种率及五苗全程合格接种率。结果干预组儿童家长对疫苗预防传染病的种类、传染病的传播途径、接种疫苗的禁忌证、接种疫苗的注意事项、接种疫苗后的不良反应及处理的知晓率分别为80.99%、63.64%、64.46%、71.90%、77.69%,均高于对照组的39.17%、42.50%、29.17%、35.83%、32.50%,均P<0.01。对社区预防接种服务的满意率为98.35%,高于对照组的90.83%(χ2=6.67,P<0.01);儿童Ⅰ类疫苗合格接种率95.86%～99.17%及五苗全程合格接种率为95.04%均高于对照组。两组间数据比较除卡介苗外均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论社区预防接种健康教育提高了家长对预防接种知识的知晓率和对预防接种服务的满意度,提高了儿童Ⅰ类疫苗合格接种率及五苗全程合格接种率。

[ Objective] To evaluate the effect of health education about vaccination among parents of children in the community of Lubei District of Tangshan City. [ Methods] 241 parents whose child had received the vaccination in Community Health Service Center of Lubei District from March to August 2011 were randomly divided into control group and intervention group. The control group was given the routine education on vaccination day, and the intervention group received the health education through various ways. After one year, the awareness rate of vaccination knowledge, the satisfaction toward vaccination service, the qualified vacci- nation rate of Type I vaccines and the complete vaccination rate of five vaccines were compared between two groups. [ Results ] The awareness rate of the types of vaccines against infectious diseases, transmission routes of infectious diseases, vaccination eontraindi- cations, vaccination precautions, the adverse reactions and treatment among the parents in the intervention group was respectively 80.99%, 63.64%, 64.46%, 71.90% and 77.69%, which were higher than those in the control group （ 39.17%, 42.50% , 29.17%, 35.83% and 32.50% } significantly （ all P 〈0.01 ）. The satisfaction rate of community vaccination service in the inter- vention group （ 98.35% ） was higher than that in the control group （ 90.83% ） significantly （X2 = 6.67, P 〈 0.01 ）. The qualified vaccination rate of Type I vaccines （95.86%-99.17% ） and the complete vaccination rate of five vaccines （95.04%） in the in- tervention group were higher than those in the control group. Except BCG, all differences between two groups were statistically sig- nificant （P 〈 0.01）. [ Conclusion] The community vaccination health education can improve the awareness rate of vaccination knowledge and the satisfaction toward vaccination service among parents, and enhance the qualified vaccination rate of Type I vac- cines and the complete vaccination rate of five vaccines among children.