云南稻种主要性状多样性分布中心及其规律研究

Law and Center of Diversity of Main Characters of Indigenous Rice(Oryza sativa L.) in Yunnan

以云南省地州和县为单位对 6 12 1份云南地方稻种及其优异种质 6 0多个性状进行多样性和密度分布规律研究表明 :(1)云南是中国稻种最大的遗传和生态多样性中心及优异资源的富集地区 ,尤其是滇西南的临沧、西双版纳、德宏、思茅和滇东南的文山共 5个地州 13个县构成了云南稻种多样性中心 ,其稻种的多样性与生态多样性和民族的多样性息息相关 ,并与哈尼族善制梯田栽培稻谷有一定联系。 (2 )临沧地区不仅是云南稻种最大的遗传多样性中心 ,也是丁颖五级分类性状和爪哇稻、光壳稻和普通粳的多样性中心 ;墨江县是云南稻种 40多个性状的分布中心。 (3)云南稻种资源的形态、穗部及籽粒性状、米质性状、抗病虫和抗逆性状的多样性及其分布中心差异较大。综合性状的多样性及其分布中心相对集中以滇西南最大 ,生态多样性起了决定性作用 ;籽粒和米质性状则相对分散 ,它是生态驯化和人工选择综合作用的结果。 (4 )云南紫香软米资源的系统发生规律与生态环境的驯化、少数民族利用习惯密切相关。 (5 )云南初级核心稻种的多样性分布规律与云南地方稻种资源的多样性分布规律的总趋势是一致的 ,即云南稻种资源核心种质取样原则。

More than 60 characters of 6121 of Yunnan rice and good germplasm were studied by county or automomous prefecture to find out their distribution law of diversity and density.The results show as follow:(1) Yunnan Province is the largest center of ecological and genetic diversity and is rich in good resources in China. Especially the 13 counties in southwestern (Lincang, Xishuangbanna,Dehong and Simao) and southeastern(Wenshan) Yunnan Province forms the largest centre of genetic diversity of Yunnan rice.Their diversity is closely related to the ecological and ethical diversity, and partly related to the terraces to cultivate rice by Hani nationality.(2) Lincang prefecture is not only the largest centre of genetic diversity of Yunnan rice but also the center of five stage classification characters of Dingying and Chang's japonica subspecies (Javanica, Nuda,Communis).Moiang is the distribution centre over 40 characters of Yunnan rice.(3) There is great difference in diversity and distribution centre on morphological and spike part characters(grains and rice quality) and resistance (to disease and insect,drought and cold damage). Diversity and distribution centre of synthetic characters is relatively concentrated in the Southwestern of Yunnan.Here, ecological diversity plays an important role; the grain and rice quality characters are relatively disperse,because of the synthetic functionary results between ecological domestication and artificial selection.(4) Phylogenesis law of purple, fragrnant and soft rice resouces in Yunnan is closely correlated with environment domestication and national utilization. (5) Their general uptrend between the distribution law of the primary core collection and Yunnan local resources is consistent,i.e. it is relatively credible to the sampling principle, method and technological system of core collection in Yunnan rice.