两个多小穗小麦品系六个农艺性状的基因效应分析

Gene Effects Analysis on 6 Agronomic Characters of Two Different Genetic Supernumerary Spikelet Lines in Common Wheat

以主穗小穗数在 2 5～ 30个的二个普通小麦多小穗品系 85DH5 0 15、SW94 30 92 1与三个普通小麦品种(系 )组配成 6个组合的P1 、P2 、F1 、F2 、B1 、B2 为材料 ,用世代均值法分析了 6个性状的遗传模型并估算了各类基因效应值 ,比较分析了两个不同来源多小穗小麦品系六个性状各类基因效应的异同及其相对重要性。结果表明 :六个性状都符合加性 显性 上位性模型 ,加性效应对两个多小穗小麦品系各性状的遗传有重要作用 ,部分性状存在显著的显性效应 ,不同类型上位性效应对各性状有不同程度的影响 ;各性状之间各类基因效应平方和百分比差异较大 ,不同类型上位性基因效应平方和百分比大小因被测系、组合而异。根据本试验结果讨论了两个不同来源多小穗小麦品系的遗传改良和应用问题。

The tested lines “85DH5015' and “SW94?30921' are different genetic supernumerary spikelet lines which have 25～30 spikelets per panicle in common wheat ( T. aestivum L.). In order to estimate gene effects on plant height, days to heading, panicle length, spikelets per panicle, spikelets density and mean grains per spikelet in the tested lines, each of the two tested lines was crossed with a set of 3 tester lines which had great genetic diversity in various characters, each combination has got 6 generation populations (P 1, P 2, F 1, F 2, B 1, B 2). According to Mather and Jinks model, using generations mean analysis method, the various kinds of gene effects and its percentage of gene effect square sum were estimated,and comparative analysis on the gene effects and the importance to inheritance of characters was carried out between the supernumerary spikelet lines. The experimental results showed that all characters accorded with the additive dominant epistatic model, the additive gene effect and dominant gene effect played an important role in most characters of 6 crosses, epistatic gene effects were significant in all crosses for the 6 investigated traits, additive generic gene effects ([d]+[I]) were more important on the spikelets per panicle and spikelets density than its non additive generic gene effects ([h]+[j]+[l]), but the latter were relatively more crucial on the days to heading and panicle length in the two tested lines. Based on the experimental results, genetic improvement of the two different genetic supernumerary spikelet lines and its application in wheat breeding were discussed.