国内成人副肾动脉的解剖学特征

Study of Anatomical Characteristics of Accessory Renal Artery in Chinese Adults

目的:探讨国内成人的副肾动脉解剖学特征,为临床应用提供解剖学依据。方法:解剖经甲醛溶液处理的成人尸体105具,其中男性75具,女性30具。观察每具尸体有无副肾动脉。对存在副肾动脉的尸体,观察、测量、记录副肾动脉的肾别、数目、起点、长度、发出时的外径、入肾位置,以及同侧肾动脉的长度、发出时的外径,副肾动脉与同侧肾动脉的位置关系、中点间距及两者间的夹角等。结果:左侧副肾动脉的出现率为29.5%(31/105),右侧副肾动脉的出现率为39.0%(41/105)。左侧副肾动脉的数目平均为(1.16±0.37)支,除1支左侧副肾动脉发自肾上腺下动脉外,其余左侧肾动脉及副肾动脉均发自腹主动脉。左侧副肾动脉及肾动脉的长度分别为(43.28±14.40)mm和(43.59±8.89)mm,发出时的外径分别为(4.04±1.77)mm和(7.48±1.92)mm,左侧副肾动脉与肾动脉的中点间距为(23.08±24.25)mm,两者间的夹角为(15.75±25.77)°;右侧副肾动脉数目平均为(1.29±0.60)支,除1支右侧副肾动脉发自腹腔干外,其余右侧肾动脉及副肾动脉均发自腹主动脉。右侧副肾动脉及肾动脉的长度分别为(54.74±16.87)mm和(56.66±13.70)mm,发出时的外径分别为(3.99±1.65)mm和(7.30±2.15)mm,右侧副肾动脉与肾动脉的中点间距为(27.11±28.29)mm,两者间的夹角为(20.02±22.95)°。两侧副肾动脉及肾动脉的长度比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),其余指标差异均无统计学意义。两侧副肾动脉入肾位置及两侧副肾动脉与肾动脉位置关系差异无统计学意义。结论:本研究获得了国内成人副肾动脉详尽、准确的应用解剖学数据,对于临床泌尿外科手术及内科相关疾病诊治等可能具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。

Objective：To study the anatomical characteristics of accessory renal artery in Chinese adults for clinical application.Methods：A total of 105 Chinese mature cadavers（75 males and 30 females）by formalin treatment were anatomized.Whether there was accessory renal artery was observed.The number,starting point,length,outer diameter and position of each accessory renal artery,as well as the number,length and outer diameter of renal artery,position relation and the distance between the midpoints together with the angle between the two arteries were measured and analyzed respectively.Results：The appearance rate of accessory renal artery was 29.5 %（31/105）in left kidney and 39.0 %（41/105）in right kidney.The average number of left accessory renal artery was（1.16±0.37）.All of the left renal arteries and accessory renal arteries originated from the abdominal aorta,except one originated from inferior artery of suprarenal gland.The lengths of left accessory renal artery and renal artery were（43.28±14.40）mm and（43.59±8.89）mm;the outer diameters of them were（4.04±1.77）mm and（7.48±1.92）mm.The distance between the midpoints of left accessory renal artery and renal artery was（23.08±24.25） mm;the angle between them was（15.75±25.77）°.The average number of right accessory renal artery was（1.29±0.60）.All of the right renal arteries and accessory renal arteries originated from the abdominal aorta,except one originated from celiac trunk.The lengths of right accessory renal artery and renal artery were（54.74±16.87）mm and（56.66±13.70）mm,the outer diameters of them were（3.99±1.65）mm and（7.30±2.15）mm.The distance between the midpoints of right accessory renal artery and renal artery was（27.11±28.29）mm,the angle between them was（20.02±22.95）°.There were significant differences in length between left and right accessory renal artery,as well as between left and right renal artery.However,there were no significant differences in other indexes.There were no significant differences in the position and relationship of accessory renal artery and renal artery between the two sides.Conclusions：Detailed and accurate data obtained from this study may be of great value for urological surgery as well as diagnosis and treatment of internal medicine-related diseases.