延安市甲状腺疾病的流行病学调查

An Epidemiological Survey of Thyroid Disease in Yan'an City

目的：了解延安市甲状腺疾病流行病学特点。方法：采用整群随机抽样的方法随机抽取2012年3月—2012年9月延安市社区和乡镇6层样本,调查对象为18岁以上常住（≥5年）人口2970人,采用高频超声进行甲状腺检查,对总人群、性别、年龄等数据进行统计学分析。结果：高频超声检出甲状腺异常的总阳性率31.58%（男性28.24%,女性33.70%）;甲状腺局灶性结节粗患病率27.68%（男性25.37%,女性29.14%）,标化患病率26.89%（男性23.71%,女性29.32%）,男女患病率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;甲状腺结节患病率随年龄增长有增加趋势（P〈0.05）。甲状腺弥漫性病变粗患病率3.91%（男性2.87%,女性4.56%）,标化患病率为3.67%（男性2.71%,女性3.91%）,男女患病率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,甲状腺弥漫性病变患病率随年龄增长无增加趋势（P〉0.05）,其患病率主要集中在30~50岁,且女性发病率明显高于男性（P〈0.05）。结论：延安市甲状腺疾病的患病率较高,采用高频超声进行甲状腺疾病的筛查有重要意义。

Objective：To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of thyroid disease in Yan＇an city.Methods：6 cohorts included 2 970 permanent residents（≥5 years）above 18 years old were randomly selected from community and countryside of Yan＇an city during March2012 to September 2012.Thethyroid was examined by high frequency ultrasound.Total population,gender and age stratification were statistically described and analyzed.Results：The total positive rate of abnormal thyroid was 31.58%,for which male was 28.24%,while female was 33.70%;the rate of thyroid focal nodular lesion was 27.60%（male 25.37%and female 29.14%）,the standardized rate was 26.89%（for male 23.71%and female 29.32%）,and the difference of prevalence rate between male and female had statistical significance（P〈0.05）.Prevalence rate of thyroid nodule had a tendency to increase with the growth of the age（P〈0.05）.Coarse prevalence rate of diffused thyroid disease was 3.91%（male 2.87% and female 4.56%）and its standardized rate was 3.67%（male 2.71%,and female 4.30%）,and the difference of prevalence rate between male and female had statistical significance（P〈0.05）.However,the prevalence rate of diffused thyroid disease had nothing to do with the age（P〈0.05）.The incidence of People aged 30-50 years and mostly affected with the prevalence rate in female was significantly higher than that in male（P〈0.05）.Conclusions：As the prevalence rate of thyroid disease is relatively high in Yan＇an city,screening of thyroid disease with high frequency ultrasound is of great importance.