濒危植物云南黄连不同居群表型多样性研究

A study on phenotypic diversity in different populations of endangered Coptis teeta Wall of Yunnan

以揭示濒危药用植物云南黄连不同居群表型变异程度和变异规律为目的，抽取5个天然居群和2个栽培居群为研究材料，对其20个表型性状进行系统分析．采用变异系数、方差分析、相关分析、多样性指数分析和聚类分析等统计分析方法，讨论了云南黄连居群间和居群内的表型多样性．结果表明：云南黄连表型性状在居群内与居群间变异丰富，20个表型性状的变异程度不同，其变异系数范围为10．9％～75．1％，平均为33．6％，其多样性指数范围在1．634～1．839之间；7个居群的变异程度也不同，变异系数在27．4％～37．1％之间，变异最大的为腾冲明光乡自治（TCZ）居群，变异最小的为贡县普拉底乡（GSP）居群；通过表型分化分析，居群间与居群内的表型分化不同，居群问的表型分化系数为74．405％，居群内为25．595％，表明云南黄连的变异主要来自于居群间；20个表型性状间多数呈现出显著和极显著的相关性，采用居群间欧氏距离进行UPGblA聚类分析，7个云南黄连在阈值为10～15时被分为3类，但结果不以地理位置的远近作为分类的依据，且栽培居群与野生居群间差异不大．

Researches were conducted on 5 natural populations and 2 cultivating populations of Coptis teeta Wall in Yunnan, and the phenotypic diversity of 20 characters was compared to reveal the phenotypic variation and variability of Coptis tecta Wallin in Yunnan. Phenotypic diversity within and among populations was analyzed by using coefficient of variation analysis, correlation analysis, diversity index and cluster analysis. The results showed that Coptis teeta Wall in Yunnan had a rich genetic variation both within and among populations. The co- efficient of variation were different in 20 characters,the range of among the traits was from 10.9%--75.1% ,the average was 33.6% ,the diversity index was between 1. 634--1. 839 ;the degree of variation was different among 7 populations, the CV were between 27.4%--37.1% , the highest was presented in population in Zizhi, Ming- guang Village, Tengchong Country（TCZ） , the lowest was in the population in Puladi Village, Gongshan Country （GSP）. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient list was 74. 405% within populations and 25. 595% be- tween populations, the results showed that the variations were mainly from within the populations. The investigated 7 populations of Coptis teeta Wall could be divided into three groups according to the UPGMA cluster analysis by the threshold as 10-15, but the results were not based on geographic distance, and no obvious difference was shown between the natural and cultivating populations.