大山雀首枚卵产期选择与窝卵数调整研究

Study on the first-egg laying date choice and clutch size adjustment of Great Tit

2004—2012年,在吉林省左家自然保护区山地次生林中,利用人工巢箱招引大山雀种群,对其首枚卵产期选择与窝卵数调整进行了研究.结果表明:研究区域内大山雀产卵期持续时间约90d.大山雀种群中部分个体一个繁殖季节会繁殖两窝,一次繁殖首枚卵产期为4月27日(±0.38d)(n=336),二次繁殖首枚卵产期为5月29日(±1.17d)(n=78).年际间首枚卵产期存在极显著差异,一次繁殖首枚卵产期随着年份推移而显著后延,二次繁殖首枚卵产期随年份推移而极显著提前.大山雀一次繁殖平均窝卵数为11.3枚,变化范围5～15枚;二次繁殖平均窝卵数为8.9枚,变化范围5～14枚.大山雀一次繁殖和二次繁殖不同窝卵数的出雏率及卵成功率都无差异,但一次繁殖和二次繁殖的窝卵数与出雏数、出飞数都呈极显著正相关.

This papers studied the relationship between first-egg laying date and clutch size using artificial nest boxes to attract Great Tits,in secondary-forest of Zuojia nature protection area in Jilin Province in 2004--2012. The results show that the duration of the Great Tit populations egg laying period of about 90 d;some of the Great Tit have 2 nests in a breeding season,the first-egg laying date April 27（±0.38 d）（n=336）in the first broods,first-egg laying date May 29（±1.17 d）（n=/8）in the second broods, there were significant differences of the first-egg laying date between different years, the first-egg laying date daly as years goes on in the first broods, the first-egg laying date ahead of schedule as years goes on in the second broods. The average clutch size for the first broods were 11.3, the range of variation 5~15,The average clutch size for the second broods were 8. 9, the range of variation 5414. the hatching rate and egg success rate there no difference of the different clutch size in the first broods and second broods, the correlating analyzing between the clutch size and the number of hatch and fledge suggest that it is notability positive correlation..