基于口语库统计的两岸华语语气标记比较研究

A Contrast Study of the Mood Markers between Taiwan Residents Mandarin and Mandarin Chinese: Based on the Spoken Chinese Corpus

本文的两岸华语指大陆普通话和台湾国语,它们在语用标记方面的差异尚未得到学界深入的比较研究,其中尤其是语气标记的差异更未得到应有的挖掘。语气标记诸多差异表现在:第一,从宏观层面上来说,普通话、台湾国语有着各自的语气标记系统,它们在灵活性、泛用性、语篇功能、位置等方面存在较为显著的差异。第二,从微观使用风格来说,台湾国语里"啦、的啦、喔、耶"颇具特色,是台湾腔的代表,尤其是"喔、耶"更给人以流行的、亲昵的意味,甚至到了无"喔"不成话,无"啦"、无"耶"不成剧(电视剧)的程度;普通话里"呀"自成特色;"是吧、好吧、对吧"等标记用法也非常丰富,而台湾国语则无此用法。第三,从情感倾向来看,台湾国语里"啦、的啦、喔、耶"等标记体现更多的礼貌低值,因此显得亲昵、密切。两岸语气标记的诸多差异可以从语言环境、语言接触、语言政策等方面进行解释。

HUAYU （Chinese） in present study includes Taiwan Residents Mandarin and Mandarin Chinese in China's Mainland. This study contrasts the pragmatic marker, esp. the mood markers of Taiwan Residents Mandarin and Mandarin Chinese in China's Mainland, which has not raised enough attention in the previous studies. As for the mood pragmatic markers, there are many differences in the Cross-straits HUAYU （Chinese） ： First, from the macro-perspective, both of them have separate mood marker systems with significant differences in their flexibility, pervasiveness, discourse functions and position. Secondly, from the micro-stylistic perspective, la （啦）, dela （的啦）, wo （嘱）, ye （耶） are frequently-used marker in Taiwan Residents Mandarin, among which wo （喔） , ye （耶） become the necessary element in Taiwan Residents Mandarin with intimate meaning. In Mandarin Chinese in China's Mainland, ya （呀） has its distinctive feature, and shiba （是吧） , haoba （的吧）, duiba （对吧） are the unique markers. Thirdly, from the emotional tendency, la （啦）, dela （的啦）, wo （喔）, ye （耶） in Taiwan Residents Mandarin are with lower level of politeness, showing more sense of intimacy. In general, the differences of the mood pragmatic markers can be explained from the perspectives of language contact, language policy, and political system etc.