不等值性“……长……短”结构的语义类型及其整合机制

On Semantic Types and Integration Mechanism About Non-equivalent Structure “…chang(长) …duan(短)”

本文在"长"、"短"语义扩展路径的基础上,根据结构的理解度指出"……长……短"结构存在等值性与不等值性两类。空间度量性和时间性"……长……短"结构是一种等值结构。而不等值"……长……短"结构有"名+长+名+短"和"动+长+动+短"两类,前者基本意义主要表示言说中提及"名词",而后者基本意义主要表示谈论某对象的"长短"。该类结构语义整体上表现出偏指、泛指和虚指三种情形,这种不等值现象分别是概念提升、语境制约或结构压缩的结果。整体上看,"……长……短"结构经历了结构上不断框式化、语义上不断虚化的过程。

Based on the meaning expansion paths of chang （长） and duan （短）, and according to the inteUigibility of this structure, this paper points out that there are two semantic types： equivalence and non-equivalence. The structure indicating space and time is the equivalent one. There are two types of non- equivalent structure： ＂noun ＋ chang ＋ noun ＋ duan＂ and ＂verb ＋ chang ＋ verb ＋ duan＂ . The former is mainly about the mentioned ＂noun＂ ; the latter mainly indicates the ＂chang＂ and ＂duan＂ of certain objects. The non-equivalence of ＂ ... chang＇＂ duan＂ structure is the result of the enhanced concept, context constraints and structural compression. Predictably, the structure has experienced syntactic and semantic grammaticalization.