含聚油泥处理技术及研究进展

Polymer-containing Oily Sludge Treatment Technology and Research Progress

油泥是石油开采中伴随着油水一起从地层带出的,随着采出程度的提高,油泥的累积量越来越多,已经成为油田开发中的主要污染源之一。我国每年得到的含油污泥总量很大,按其来源分为三种类型,分别是：油田开采,特别是油井采油生产和井下作业过程中产生的含油污泥,比较典型的有落地油泥和钻井泥;油气储运过程产生的含油污泥;炼厂污水处理场产生的含油污泥,一般称为＂炼油厂三泥＂。所谓含聚油泥,顾名思义,就是含有大量聚合物和原油的污泥。海上注聚油田开发过程中,含聚油泥随采出液系统排出量逐渐增大,影响到流程的正常运行。含聚油泥一般含油约30%~50%,成分复杂,黏度更大,乳化程度更高,固相难以彻底沉降,处理起来更加困难。处理含聚油泥的工艺技术主要有调质-机械分离处理技术、高温处理技术、萃取处理技术、化学处理技术、生物处理技术以及电处理技术等。对各种技术原理、特点及适用情况进行分析,对含聚油泥处理技术的研究进展给予展望。

Oily sludge is brought out of formations together with oil and water during oil recovery.As recovery percent of reserves increases,the cumulative voluem of oily sludge is also rising.Oily sludge has become one of the major polluting sources in an oilfield under development.A large amount of oily sludge was pro duced each year in China.There are three major sources of oily sludge —oilfield production,particularly produced during oil recovery and downhole operations（typified by ground oily sludge and drilling mud;oil and gas transportation;refinery sewage treatment）.Polymer-containing oily sludge contains a large amount of polymers and crude oil.Over the lifetime of an offshore oilfield in which polymers are injected downhole to enhance recovery,the discharge of polymer-containing oily sludge with liquids recovered will gradually increase,in turn affecting the normal process of oilfield production.Oily sludge typically contains about 30%-50% oil.Due to its features such as complex composition of components,high viscosity,higher degree of emulsification and difficulty in complete sedimentation of solids,oily sludge is very difficult to treat.The main technologies for treating polymer-containing oily studge include tempering-mechanical separation,high-temperature treatment,extraction treatment,chemical treatment,biochemical treatment and electrical treatment.This article describes the working principles,characteristics and applications of these technologies and forecasts advances in the research of polymer-containing oily sludge treatment technology.