基于生命周期视角的产业资源生态管理效益分析--以虚拟共生网络系统为例

Eco-management benefit analysis of industrial resources from life cycle perspective: a case study of a virtual symbiosis network

资源流代谢失调是造成产业生态环境问题的主要原因之一,对其实施基于共生网络的生态管理是解决问题的一项重要的举措。运用全生命周期的思想构建了产业资源共生网络及其管理框架,并运用全生命周期评价的方法,借助生命周期评价软件GaBi4,分别选取EI99(Eco-Indicator 99)、CML2001 EP评价体系,以武汉市造纸产业为例,通过设计合理的资源流网络关系及中水、废纸和污泥利用共生路径构建虚拟造纸产业共生网络,对比分析了共生设计系统与原有共生系统的各生态环境影响。并运用市场价值法对共生设计系统的经济效益进行了分析。结果表明:共生设计系统总的环境影响、生态系统质量、人体健康、资源损耗值的环境影响分值分别为1166.445、814.509、148.893、203.045,比原有系统分别减少23.91%、19.15%、46.56%、22.26%;其中富营养化、气候变化的影响分别比原有系统降低56.25%、16.62%。同时共生设计系统通过污水、废纸及污泥的回用,在不考虑市场波动的情况下,可获得1018—7252万元的经济效益。可见,通过构建共生网络的生态管理是提高资源利用效率的有效手段之一,在一定条件下可取得明显的环境和经济效益。

Resources metabolic disorder is one of the main reasons for the eco-environmental problems caused by industrial development. The eco-management based on symbiosis network is an important initiative to solve this problem. Based on the Life Cycle Assessment （LCA） method, a network system of industrial symbiosis and its management framework of resources flow are proposed in this study. The management framework consists of goal, method, symbiosis system, evaluation system,and data support system. The management goal is the principles of reduce-reuse-recycle. The management method includes green exploitation, green product, green supply chain, green consumption, and green collection and green disposal. The network symbiosis system includes enterprise community module, virgin material exploitation module, consumer module and wastes disposal module. The evaluation system is based on life cycle assessment. Taking pulp and paper industry in Wuhan as an example, a virtual symbiosis network of pulp and paper industrial ecosystem is built through designing the suitable network relationships of resources flow and symbiosis paths of reclaimed water, waste paper, sludge use. Using GaBi 4 software and the evaluation system of EI99, CML2001 EP, we compared various eco-environmental effects between designed symbiotic system and original symbiotic system. By using market value method, the economic benefits of the symbiosis system were also analyzed. The results showed that：（1） the score values of symbiosis system on the overall environmental impact, ecosystem quality, human health, resources damage are 1166.445, 814.509, 148.893, 203.045 respectively, which are decreased 23.91%, 19.15%, 46.56%, 22.26% respectively than that of the original symbiotic system. Paper section plays a significant role for reducing environmental impact by using recycled materials; （2） Comparing the designed symbiotic system and the original symbiotic system, the former exhibits decrease in acidification/eutrophication, ecotoxicity, land use, carcinogenicity, climate change, ozone layer depletion, radiation, respiratory organic pollution, respiratory inorganic pollution, and fossil fuels. For ecosystem quality, the designed symbiotic system exhibits significant decrease in acidification/eutrophication; for human health, it exhibits significant decrease in ozone layer depletion and radiation; for resources extraction, it exhibits significant decrease in fossil fuels. While it also exhibits 0.86% increase in land transformation and significant increase in mineral resource depletion. The reasons come from reagent chemicals production for waste disposal. （3） The designed symbiotic system shows 56.25% and 16.62% decrease in the influence of eutrophication effect and climate change respectively than the original symbiosis system. It showed significant decrease in NOx, NH3 and N2O in the air and significant decrease in chemical oxygen demand （COD） and biochemical oxygen demand （BOD） and phosphate in the water. Waste water disposal section and waste paper disposal section played an important role in decreasing the influence. The paper section played a significant role for the decease. （4） Under the condition of not considering market fluctuation, symbiosis design system can acquire significant economic benefits about 10.18-72.52 million RMB through the reuse of sewage, waste paper and sludge. Therefore, in theory, eco-management based on symbiosis network is one of the effective ways to improve the efficiency of resource use and may obtain significant environmental and economic benefits. The future work is to apply the methods into a real system.