关于商周青铜栋脊柄刀的分类及其技术渊源

On the Classification of Dong Ji Bing Bronze Knives of Shang and Zhou Dynasties and the Technological Origin

栋脊柄刀始见于商代中期,商代晚期便有了较大发展,西周之后渐衰,多出土于北方的陕西、河南安阳等地,是商周青铜兵器的重要品种。本研究认为,其特殊的脊背外部形态和固柄方式是这种刀最为基本的特征,以此特征为主,再参照锋刃部形态,便可将之分成三型:即"夹脊柄型"、"銎脊柄型"、"夹脊銎脊柄型",之下可再分成若干个样"式",如"有阑无内式"、"卷锋多銎直刃式"等。本研究还认为,从技术史的角度看,栋脊柄刀应是在本地和周边诸考古文化,在石质榫凸背刀、石质多孔刀、青铜榫凸背刀、青铜銎首刀等技术因素的影响下逐渐发展和演变出来的。

Summary： The Dong Ji Bing knife means wooden handle mounted at the back of the knife was the earliest appeared in the middle of Shang dynasty. The late Shang dynasty had a larger development, Western Zhou dynasty gradually declined. It was the important varieties of the Shang and Zhou bronze weapons that unearthed Anyang City, Henan and Shanxi province in northern China. This study thought that the special back external style and fasten handle way of this knife is the most basic features. In accordance with this feature, Then referring to the blade shape, It can be divided into three types： ＂ the wooden handle grip knife ridge type ＂, ＂ the wooden handle wear into the hole on the back of a knife type＂, ＂the wooden handle grip and wear into the hole on the back of a knife type＂, then can be subdivided into a certain kind of ＂style＂, such as ＂Thin knife back is no Block-shaped bulges ＂, ＂ knife tip tilt, Multiple hole on the back and more straight blade ＂, From the point of view of the history of technology, the study also thought that Dong Ji Bing knife gradually developed and evolved under the influence of the local and surrounding archaeological culture and the technical factors, such as the back of stone knife has block-shaped bulges, the back of Bronze knife has Block-shaped bulges, bronze knife has handle holes