评桑德尔的分配正义观

A Review of Sandel's Conception of Distributive Justice

在分配正义的问题上,西方社会存在三种基本的观点,即功利主义、自由主义和社群主义。正如以罗尔斯为代表的当代自由主义是在批判功利主义的基础上形成的,桑德尔的社群主义分配正义观念也建立在批评罗尔斯式自由主义的基础上:一方面,他批判罗尔斯的分配正义理论,反驳了罗尔斯对平等主义和差别原则的论证;另一方面,他主张以应得为原则的分配正义观,用社群主义来对抗自由主义。

About the question of distributive Justice, there are three fundamental standpoints in Western society, that is, utilitarianism, liberalism and communitarianism. Just as John Rawls＇s liberalism is built on his critique of utilitarianism, Michael Sandel＇s communitarian conception of distributive justice is built on the critique of Rawls＇s liberalism： On the one hand, Sandel criticizes Rawls＇s theory of distributive Justice, and rebuts his justification of egalitarianism and difference principle; On the other hand, he holds that the desert should be the principle of distributive Justice, and he takes it against liberalism.