清嘉庆时期海盗投首问题初探

A Preliminary Exploration on the Pirates' Surrender during the Qing Jiaqing's Reign

自嘉庆初年开始,大批海盗纷纷投首于清政府,然而其投首原因很多时候并非是通常所认为的实力穷蹙时的被迫选择,而是由盗首被剿灭或家属被拿获等外在因素以及海盗的自身特点、职业特性所导致。对于海盗的投首,清政府通常表现出接纳和欢迎,但依据其投首时间早晚、投首规模大小,其处理方式存在一定程度的差异。有时,中央政府和地方剿捕官员的处理意见亦有所不同。

With the advent of Jiaqing reign （1795）, a large batch of pirates surrendered to the Qing Government. Contrary to our commonsense that their surrender lied in the military disadvantage, their capitulation was spawned by the extermination of pirates＇ leadership, their family members＇ captivity as well as the pirates＇ professional propensity. As far as the pirates＇ surrender was concerned, usually the Qing Government willingly accepted and welcomed it, and varied in dealing with it on the basis of the surrender time and group size. Sometimes the Central Government and the local bandit,hunting officials were vying at handling them.