18世纪的法国“文学政治”何以成为可能——对托克维尔的一点批评

How Were Literary Politics Possible in 18th Century France?:Some Critical Reflections on Tocqueville

西方保守主义者和自由主义者之所以尖锐地批判法国大革命,部分原因是因为它倡导文学政治。他们认为,启蒙哲学家和法国革命者缺乏政治经验,他们提出的政治哲学脱离社会现实,并由此导致大革命走向了恐怖。事实上,文学政治不是抽象建构的产物,而是扎根于18世纪法国的社会现实,并体现了当时人们重建法国社会的普遍愿望。拙文在对托克维尔的思想进行若干批评的基础上,分析了文学政治产生的历史原因及其积极意义,并指出文学政治彻底消亡的灾难性影响。

The French Revolution was greatly criticized by Western conservatives and liberals,partly because of its literary politics.In the critics' eyes,philosophers and revolutionaries invented some political ideas that were totally detached from reality,and thus led to revolutionary terrors.In fact,literary politics were not artificial and abstract,but rooted in the social realities of 18th century France.They also projected the general desire to rebuild French society.By making some critical reflections on Tocqueville,this essay tries to explore the historical reasons and positive influences of literary politics,and to point out the disastrous effects of its complete disappearance.