17—19世纪英国关于疯人院立法的探究

The Legislation on Lunatic Asylum in Britain in the 17^(th)-19^(th) Centuries

人类社会自产生起就面临着驱逐、收容、治疗疯人的问题。疯人在各个时期、各个地区、各个民族那里都受到各种不同的待遇。本文通过考察"禁闭疯人"的立法、"规范疯人院"的立法、"解禁疯人"的立法,梳理了17—19世纪英国关于疯人院的立法情况,分析了立法出台的背景以及它们所产生的影响。从一个具体的社会生活侧面展示了英国法制、人权的发展轨迹,体现了英国法制日益完备和对人权保障的(特别是对疯人的保护)日益重视,同时也指出了有关疯人院立法方面存在的问题。

People have faced with the problem of banishing,accepting and treating lunatics since the formation of human society.Lunatics have been treated differently in different periods,regions and nationalities.This paper examines the legislation on lunatic asylum in Britain in the 17^(th) to 19^(th)centuries,by investigating the legislation on confining lunatics,on regulating the management of lunatic asylum and on freeing lunatics,and analyses the background under which legislation was introduced and its impacts.This paper presents the development process of the British legal system and the human rights from a specific aspect of social life,showing the fact that the British legal system was increasingly improved and a priority has been put on the safeguard of human rights,especially the protection of lunatics.Meanwhile,it points out the problems existing in the legislation on lunatics.