模仿:心理学的研究述评

Critical Review of Psychological Studies on Imitation

模仿就是复制,是观察者与示范者在行为上的匹配。模仿的概念早已有之,但近10年来模仿研究仍然是发展心理学、社会心理学以及认知心理学的热点之一。模仿与仿真和无意识模仿既有区别又有联系。模仿有多种不同类型以及相应的理论假说。多数研究认为镜像神经系统是模仿的脑机制,但这一结论还需要进一步检验。模仿受到了包括社会情境等多种因素的影响。未来的研究应在改进和拓展现有研究范式的基础上着重探讨模仿的内在结构、多种模仿之间的关系以及模仿与其他认知能力的关系。

Imitation is reproduction, which refers to match in behaviors between the observers and models. While the concept of imitation has a long history, imitation research is still focus of developmental psychology, social psychology and cognitive psychology over the last decade. There are both connections and differences among imitation, emulation and mimicry. According to different criterion, imitation can be divided into various types which can be explained by corresponding hypotheses. Most researches declaim that mirror neuron system should be the neural mechanism of imitation, but this conclusion needs further examination. Many factors, such as social context, influence the imitation. Future studies should strive to probe into the intrinsic structure of imitation, the relations among multiple imitations and the relationship between imitation and other cognitive relationship on the basis of improving and expanding research paradigm.