陕北神木受煤矿污染水体的水质调查与评价

Investigation and Assessment of Water Polluted by Coal Mine in Shenmu,Shaanxi Province

煤炭作为中国最主要的能源之一,对我国社会经济有着极其重要的影响,但在煤炭的开采和利用过程中对水环境产生了巨大的危害。在对陕北神木煤炭矿区实地调查和采样分析的基础上,采用单因子水质标识指数和综合水质标识指数对4处水样进行评价,结果显示:陕北煤炭矿区水体受煤粉污染较为严重,水体中色度、SS、COD、NH4+-N、NO3-、SO42-、Cr6+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Mn2+、Pb、Cd元素比参照水样都有不同程度的升高,尤其是重金属Cr和Cd、COD和TP,都达到严重污染水平;六道沟煤矸石淋溶形成的淤泥对附近水样污染最为严重,主要超标污染物为SS、TP、Cr6+、COD和Cd,综合水质标识指数为3.561。

As one of the most important energy in China, coal has a significant influence on our social and economic de- velopment. However, improper exploitation and utilization of coal have made great pollution to local water. On the basis of field investigation in Shenmu coal mine, this paper makes water sample analysis and water quality evaluation by single factor water quality identification index and comprehensive water quality identification index. The results show that water in Shanbei coal mine area is seriously polluted by coal powder and the proportion of SS、COD、NH4^＋N、N03^-、SO4^2-、Cr^6＋、Cu^2＋、Fe^3＋、Mn^2＋、Pb、Cd, COD and TP are high enough to pollute water environment seriously. Polluted by the mud caused by coal gangue, water near Liudaogou is in the worst quality. The pollutants exceeding the standard in this area mainly are SS, PO43- , COD, Cr, Cd and the comprehensive water quality identification index is 3. 561.