狂犬病暴露者相关知识态度健康教育效果评价

Evaluation on the Effect of Health Education Intervention on Rabies- related Knowledge and Attitude Among People Exposed to Rabies

目的评价健康教育对狂犬病暴露者相关知识、态度的干预效果,为开展狂犬病健康教育提供依据。方法对三亚市疾病预防控制中心狂犬病预防处置门诊全程接种狂犬疫苗对象中随机抽选300人,其中干预组150人,对照组150人,干预组进行健康教育干预,对照组不进行任何干预,采用问卷在干预前后进行调查,评价干预效果。结果干预组经干预后狂犬病相关知识总知晓率从54.9%提高到71.6%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=117.21,P<0.01),对照组从56.2%提高到59.1%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预组与对照组经干预后相关知识总知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ2=66.87,P<0.01);干预组干预前后态度有所改变,对照组无明显改变。64.3%暴露人群首选电视、网络和广播为获得知识的主要途径。结论健康教育可以有效提高狂犬病暴露者的知识水平,促进态度的转变,但对于转变的影响大小还有待于长期开展。

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on rabies related knowledge and attitude among people exposed to rabies, and provide evidence for conducting health education regarding rabies prevention. Methods Totally 300 persons who had been attacked by animals and received vaccination against rabies virus in Sanya Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention were randomly divided into intervention group and control group （each n = 150）. The sufferers in inter- vention group received health education regarding rabies prevention, while no intervention was conducted in control group. Ques- tionnaires were used to survey the research participants before and after the intervention, and the effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated. Results After the intervention, the total awareness rate of rabies related knowledge in intervention group went up to 71.6% from 54.9%, and the difference was statistically significant （x2= 117.21, P〈0.01）. The awareness rate in control group was only from 56.2% to 59.1%, and no statistically significant difference was found （P〉0.05）. After the in- tervention, there were statistically significant differences in the total awareness rate of rabies - related knowledge between inter- vention group and control group （ x2 = 66.87, P 〈 0.01 ）. The sufferers in intervention group showed a remarkable improvement in attitude after the intervention, but no remarkable improvement was found in the sufferers of control group. 64.3 % of the ex- ImSed people acquired the knowledge mainly from TV, network and broadcast. Conclusions Conducting health education among people exposed to rabies can effectively improve the knowledge level and promote the attitude change, but the long- term health education will still be needed.