贵阳市高雁城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场几种植物的重金属富集特征

Heavy Metal Enrichment Characteristics of Plants at Gaoyan Urban Domestic Garbage Sanitary Landfill Site in Guiyang

为了解城市生活垃圾填埋场植物的重金属积累效应,对贵阳市高雁城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场几种植物的重金属富集特征进行了研究。结果表明:生长在该垃圾填埋场的商陆(Pokeberry root)、尾穗苋(Amaranthus caudatus)、青蒿(Sweet wormwood Herb)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)、喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)等5种植物的Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni平均含量分别为1.31 mg/kg、17.59 mg/kg、78.52 mg/kg、8.97 mg/kg。重金属元素在填埋场土壤-植物系统中迁移的难易顺序为:Ni>Zn>Cd>Pb,其中,喜旱莲子草对Cd和Zn的富集程度最大,富集能力最强的部位分别在根部和茎部;尾穗苋对Pb的富集程度最大,富集能力最强的部位在叶部,而对Ni富集程度最大的是商陆的茎部。植物相同部位不同种间和同种植物不同器官间各重金属元素的积累效应均存在差异,但除Cd在种间差异显著外,均无显著性差异(P≤0.05)。

In order to assess the effect of heavy metal accumulation in plants at urban domestic garbage landfill site, the characteristic of heavy metal enrichment in several kinds of plants from Gaoyan urban domestic garbage sanitary landfill site which located in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province were discussed in this study. Results showed that： average contents of Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni were 1.31 mg/kg, 17.59 mg/kg, 78.52 mg/kg and 8.97 mg/kg respectively from Pokeberry root, Amaranthus eaudatus, Sweet wormwood Herb, Xanthium sibirieum, Alternanthera philoxeroides. The migration order of heavy metals from soil to plant system was： Ni 〉 Zn〉Cd〉 Pb. Alternanthera philoxeroides had the largest enrichment degree on Cd and Zn, the strongest parts of enrichment ability were root and stem respectively, Amaranthus eaudatus had the largest enrichment degree on Pb, the strongest parts of enrichment ability was leave. The stem of Pokeberry root had the largest Ni concentration. The accumulation effect of the same place in different kinds of plants, and different organs of thesame plant were both different. There was no significant difference except Cd in inter-specific （P≤ 0.05 ）.