南充市某农村地区特殊家庭留守儿童心理健康状况

The mental health status of Special family left-behind children in a rural area of Nanchong

目的 探讨农村特殊家庭留守儿童心理健康状况.方法 于2011年3月～ 2012年10月采用分层随机抽样方法抽取南充市阆中金城乡中心小学校四到六年级的在校学生203名,分为特殊家庭留守儿童（A组）、一般家庭留守儿童（B组）和普通家庭儿童（C组）,采用儿童孤独量表（CLS）、儿童自我意识量表（CSCS）和艾森克个性调查问卷（EPQ）对其人格特征、孤独感、自我意识进行测量.结果 ①方差分析显示,三组儿童的个性、孤独感与自我意识得分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.多重比较显示,A组的内外向因子分、行为及合群性因子分低于B、C两组,而情绪不稳因子分、孤独感总评分高于B、C两组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；②特殊家庭留守儿童中男性自我意识高于女性,女性焦虑因子分高于男性,行为因子分低于男性（P＜0.05）；③年龄＜10岁的特殊家庭留守儿童其合群、幸福、内外向因子分低于年龄＞10岁者,而孤独总分和神经质因子分高于年龄＞10岁者（P＜0.05）.结论 特殊家庭留守儿童心理健康水平低于一般家庭留守儿童和非留守儿童,其中女性更倾向于情绪问题,男性更倾向于行为问题,年龄越小行为与情绪问题越多.

Objective To explore the mental health status of left - behind children in the special families of rural. Methods We used the stratified random sampling method to investigate the four to sixth grades＇ 203 students that came from Jincheng Township Center School of Langzhong in Nanchong from March 2011 to October 2012. The students were divided into special family left - behind children （ Group A） , left - behind children （ Group B） and normal children （ Group C）. To compare their personality, loneliness and self- consciousness the mental health status were assessed to use childreng loneliness scale（ CLS）, children＇s self concept scale（CSCS） and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ）. Results ①According to the analysis of variance, three groups children＇s personality, loneliness and self- consciousness scores were different（ P 〈 0. 05 ）. According to Multiple comparison, the introversion ,outgoing,behavior and social factor points of group A were lower than group B and group C ; the emotional instability and loneliness factor points were higher than group B and C. The difference was statistically significant （ P 〈0.05 ） ;②Among the special family left - behind children, the self - consciousness level and behavior factor points of men were higher than women, but women tended to have higher anxiety factor points （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; ③Among the special family left - behind children, the introversion,outgoing,happiness and social factor points of less than 10 years old children were higher than older than 10 years old, but loneliness and neuroticism factor points were lower than it （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Special family left - behind children ＇psychological health status are lower than the common family left - behind children and non left - behind children. Women are prone to have more emotional problems, men are prone to have more behavioral problems. More younger children are prone to have more behavioral and emotional problems.