多伞阿魏生殖生物学特性的初步研究

A Preliminary Study on the Characteristics of Productive Biology of Ferula Ferulaeoides

多伞阿魏是生长于沙丘、沙地和砾石质的荒漠多年生类短命蒿属植物。通过野外观察,对多伞阿魏的花部特征、花粉活力、柱头可授性和花粉-胚珠比(P/O)进行了初步研究。结果表明:1)多伞阿魏的花有雄花和两性花两种形态,其在形态大小上有显著差异,雄花小于两性花。2)开花当天花粉活力在上午10:00点最高,之后逐渐呈现下降趋势。3)柱头可授性可持续48h,开花当天可授性最强。4)花粉-胚珠比为2200±23.57。由此可知,其繁育系统为兼性异交,属于雄全同株植物。

Ferula ferulaeoides is an early spring ephemeroid plant mainly distributed in Junggar Basin of China. Floral morpholo- gy,pollen viability, stigma receptivity and pollen--ovule ratio of Ferula ferulaeoides were studied in this paper. Male flowers had degraded ovaries. There were significant differences between male and perfect flowers in flower morphology and size. The pollen viability value on the first day of anthesis was the highest at t2：00, declining after 14：00. The stigma receptivity could maintain 2 days after anthesis, and was the strongest on the first day of anthesis. Pollen--ovuleration （P/O） was 2200 ± 23.57, indicating that the type of breeding system was facultative xenogamy. Ferula ferulaeoides is a kind of andromonoecy plant. These results provide the theoretical basis for the further study on the reproductive biology of Ferula ferulaeoides.