塔城地区硬蜱种类调查与群落分析

Species Investigation and Community Analysis of Ticks in Tacheng Area

为了明确新疆塔城地区硬蜱的流行情况和群落结构特征,对该地区7个县(市)不同生境动物寄生蜱和地面游离蜱群落组成进行了初步调查。结果显示:在该地区共采获硬蜱6286枚,隶属4属13种,初步确定了塔城地区的主要蜱种为银盾革蜱、草原革蜱、亚洲璃眼蜱指名亚种、亚东璃眼蜱、边缘革蜱。不同生境地区中群落组成有所不同,并有各自的优势种群。7个生境地区的硬蜱群落均存在一定的相关性,只不过相似性的大小有所差异,乌苏市与沙湾县的动物寄生蜱和地面游离蜱的区系相似性皆最高,相似系数分别为0.6364和0.7500;动物寄生蜱相似性最低的为塔城市与和丰县,相似性系数仅为0.1667,而地面游离蜱最低的为塔城市与沙湾县,系数仅为0.1111。同一生境中动物寄生蜱和地面游离蜱群落结构参数的差异则是由于放牧动物的流动造成的。

To understand the prevalence of ticks and structural characteristics of tick community in Tacheng area,parasitic ticks and free ticks were collected and systematically identified with synecological methods of 7 counties in this area. The result showed, the total of 6,286 ticks collected in this area belonged to 13 species of 4 genera. Of them D. niveus,D, nuttalli, H. asiaticum asiaticum,H, asiaticum kozlovi and D. marginatus were the dominant species. There were dominant species of different community composition in each habitat areas. There was a certain correlation among the tick communities in the 7 counties, but the similarities were different. Community similarity index of parasitic ticks and free ticks between Wusu and Shawan were 0. 6364 and 0. 7500,but that of free ticks between Tacheng and Shawan was 0. 111. And the difference of community structure parameters of parasitic ticks and free ticks on ground might be caused by movement of grazing animals.