技术进步偏向对要素收入份额的影响——基于中国工业行业数据的研究

The Impact of Biased Technical Progress to Factor Income Share

本文利用CES生产函数考察了技术进步偏向与资本-劳动收入份额比值之间的关系,并利用中国工业1979-2011年的数据进行了实证分析。估计结果表明:中国工业的要素替代弹性大于0小于1;资本增强型技术进步变化率小于劳动增强型技术进步变化率,1987年后工业技术进步为劳动节约型的,资本-劳动收入份额比值提高;资本深化、技术进步偏向、外商直接投资以及国际贸易是我国工业资本收入份额持续上升、劳动收入份额持续下降的主要原因,其中劳动节约型技术进步对要素收入份额失衡的影响最大。工业要素分配份额的演变直接体现了国民收入分配格局的失衡,也间接拉大了我国居民之间的收入差距。

This paper discusses the relationship between technological progress biased and the ratio between capital income share and labor income share in the CES production function, and depends on Chinese industrial data to empirical econometric analysis from 1978 to 2011. The results show that the elasticity of substitution is significantly greater than 0 and less than 1 ; the growth rates of capital enhanced of technological progress is less than the labor＇. The industrial technological progress is biased capital after 1987, which improves the ratio between capital income share and labor income share. The rising of capital income share and the declining of labor income share are mainly affected by capital deepening, biased technical progress, international trade and foreign direct investment, biased technical progress is the largest than others＇s factor to the imbalance of the factor income share. The evolution of the industrial factor income share directly reflects the imbalance of the distribution of national income, and indirectly widening the income gap between the Chinese residents.