资源稀缺、社会变迁与流动人口身份认同的实证研究

The Empirical Research of Scarcity of Resource,Social Change and the Identity of Floating Population

文章试图将流动人口的身份认同置于"资源稀缺—自由竞争—社会变迁"的宏观视角下进行解读,认为资源具有稀缺性且在地域和空间上分布不均是导致流动人口出现身份认同困境和"边缘化"的根本原因。同时,作者利用国家计生委2010年全国动态监测数据并结合访谈资料对相关理论进行了实证研究,结果表明:经济变动、技术变迁、文化嬗变和制度演化对流动人口的身份认同起着重要的作用,其中是否就业对流动人口身份认同的影响不大,相对收入和社会地位则是其实现身份认同的重要因素,技术变迁和文化嬗变则将流动人口推进传统文化和现代文化的冲突和对立之中,并常常造成自我身份的迷失,而正式制度和非正式制度共同形塑着流动人口的认知和体验,决定其身份认同的轨迹和进程。

This paper attempts to place the identity of floating population under the macro perspective of 'scarcity of resource-free competition-social change' to interpret that the scarcity of resource and the uneven geographical and spatial distribution are the root causes of less identity of floating population and marginalization.Then it uses the dynamic monitoring data from the State Family Planning Commission in 2010 and combines interview materials to make empirical research on the relevant theories.The results show that economic change,technological change,cultural evolution and evolution of institution play important roles on the identity of the floating population.Employment has less effect on the identity of the floating population,but the relative income and social status are the important factors,and technical change and the evolution of culture place the floating population in the conflict and antagonism of the traditional culture and modem culture, and often result in lost of self-identity.Formal and informal rules together shape the cognitive experience of floating population and determine the trajectory and the process of its identity.