蒙古栎生长及生理特征的种源间差异

Provenance Differences in Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Quercus mongolica

以5个蒙古栎种源的当年生幼苗为试验材料，对其生长和生理特征进行测量和分析比较。结果表明：江密峰种源生物量最大，其根质量和总质量与其他4个种源差异都达到显著水平，同时单叶面积、栅栏组织厚度、光合色素含量及净光合速率（P。）等相对于其他种源也具有一定的优势；不同种源间有机物分配规律一致，根质量所占比例均最大，超过70％，其次是叶质量，储存有机物的茎质量比例最小，均不到总质量10％；蒙古栎叶肉结构简单，5个种源栅栏组织厚度为41．99—56．89μm，不同种源间单叶面积和栅栏组织厚度存在显著差异（P〈0．05）；江密峰叶片的光合色素含量与其余4个种源均存在着显著差异（P〈0．05），各种源P．在6．25～8．94μmol·m^-2s^-1之间，差异不显著；生物量与光合色素、Pn、根质量、叶质量及栅栏组织厚度均达到了极显著正相关（P〈0．01），与单叶面积显著正相关（P〈0．05）。综上所述，不同种源生长生理特征均存在差异，蒙古栎遗传资源变异丰富，江密峰种源表现最好，应用潜力大。

In this study, the differences in the growth and physiological characteristics of one-year seedlings of five Quercus mongolica provenances were compared to provide a theoretical basis for the excellent provenance selection. The results showed that the biomass of Jiangmifeng provenances was the maximum, and the difference of its total weight and root weight was significant from the others （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The provenance also had certain advantages in leaf area, palisade tissue thickness, photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate （P） to the other provenances. Distribution of organic matter was similar among different provenances, and the proportion of root weight was biggest, accounted for more than 70% of the total, followed by the leaf weight, and then stem weight. The latter two were both less than 10% of the total weight. Q. morrgolica had simple leaf structure, and the thickness of palisade tissue was from 41.99 μm to 56. 89 μm. There were significant differences in leaf area, palisade tissue thickness among different provenances （P 〈 0.05 ）. The photosynthetic pigment content of Jiangmifeng provenances was significant differences from the others （P 〈0.05）. The Po was from 6.25 to 8.94μmol. m^-2s^-1 in five provenances, and there were no significant differences between provenances. Correlation analysis showed that biomass was very significantly correlated to the photosynthetic pigment, P~, root weight, leaf weight, palisade tissue thickness （P 〈 0.01 ） , and was significantly correlated to the leaf area. In a word, there were significant or very significant differences in growth and physiological characteristics, the genetic resources of Q. mongolica were very rich and Jiangmifeng provenances had a greater potential value than the others.