高速列车透射噪声与结构噪声的分离

High speed train transmission noise and structural noise separation

高速列车噪声是影响车内旅客舒适度和铁路沿线居民生活质量的重要因素,如何有效的降低噪声是高速列车设计者们所关心的问题之一.研究表明,高速列车的车内噪声由透射噪声与结构噪声组成,如何有效的从车内噪声中分离出这两种噪声成分将为列车的减振降噪设计提供一定的指导作用.本文以高速列车实车噪声数据为研究对象,首先运用多种数字信号处理的方法对高速列车噪声数据进行了分析,总结了高速列车噪声的主要特点;然后通过对列车静止时和运行时的噪声透射情形分别进行建模和分析,指出可以利用车体的频响特性作为反映车体隔声性能的声学参数,并提出了一种计算频响特性的简便算法;最后,利用该算法从实车噪声数据中计算出了车体的频响特性,并在此基础上实现了透射噪声与结构噪声的分离.

High speed train noise level is an important factor with respect to passenger comfort and life quality of residents along the railway. How to attenuate the noise level is an important research direction that train designers care about. Studies show that train interior noise is consist of trans- mission noise and structural noise. Separating these two kinds of components from their overall ob- servations will provide further guide to high speed train noise reduction design. The research is based on the real-world high speed train noise data. First, data are analyzed by different digital sig- nal processing methods and some basic properties of the train noise signal are concluded. Then, by modeling and analyzing the noise transmission circumstances when train is stationary and moving, train body frequency response is used to measure the noise insulation quality, and an algorithm is proposed to calculate the frequency response conveniently. At last, train body frequency response is calculated according to the real-world train noise data via the proposed algorithm, and the result is used to separate transmission noise and structural noise from the recorded noise data.