有人际关系困扰的大学生的内隐心理活动

Implicit mental characteristics in college students with interpersonal disturbances

目的：探索有人际关系困扰（ID）问题的大学生在人际交往过程中的内隐心理活动特点,为ID者的心理辅导与干预治疗提供理论指导.方法：选取329名大学生,使用人际关系综合诊断量表（IRIDQ）将其分成ID组（IRIDQ得分为15～28分,n=43）、普通组（IRIDQ得分为9～ 12.11分,n=50）和无困扰组（IRIDQ得分为0～3.76分,n=50）.采用GNAT （the Go/No-go Association Task）内隐联想范式和情绪STROOP范式测试三组在人际关系上的内隐认知、内隐情绪、内隐社交意向的反应时、击中率与虚报率（用于计算信号辨别率指数d’）.结果：方差分析显示,在内隐认知、内隐情绪、内隐行为意向的平均反应时上,组别主效应均显著（均P ＜0.001）,进一步多重比较发现,ID组积极内隐认知反应时长于普通组和无困扰组[（594.2±17.0） ms vs.（533.4±15.5） ms vs.（503.3±13.9） ms;均P＜0.01],而消极内隐认知反应时则短于普通组和无困扰组[（554.5±18.5） ms vs.（600.6±28.8） ms vs.（610.4±19.8）ms；均P＜0.01]；ID组内隐情绪反应时长于普通组和无困扰组[积极情绪词（442.1±18.5） ms vs.（415.6±17.5） msvs.（395.7±12.9） ms；消极情绪词（434.3±17.5） ms vs.（390.1±13.1） ms vs.（389.8±15.5） ms;均P＜0.01]; ID组内隐社交意向反应时长于普通组和无困扰组[（593.6±10.7） ms vs.（395.6±12.0） ms vs.（381.2±8.1） ms;均P＜0.01],而社交情境d＇最短[（0.8±0.6）vs.（1.8±0.8）vs.（2.2±0.6）；均P ＜0.05）].结论：人际关系有困扰者存在消极的自我内隐认知和情绪干扰,人际交往行为有退缩意向.

Objective：To explore the implicit mental characteristics in individuals with interpersonal disturbances （ID）,provide the theoretical foundation of psychodiagnostic and psychological intervention.Methods：Totally 329 college students were selected and divided into three groups according to the scores of the Interpersonal Relationships Integrated Diagnosis Questionnaire （IRIDQ）,namely,the ID group （with the IRIDQ scores of 15-28,n=43）,common group （with the IRIDQ scores of 9-12.11,n =50）,and non-interpersonal disturbances （non-ID）group （with the IRIDQ scores of 0-3.76,n =50）.Then reaction time （RT）,hit and false alarm rates of implicit cognition,implicit emotion and implicit behavioral intention were measured with the Go/No-go Association Task （GNAT） and emotional Stroop paradigm Among these indices,hit and false alarm rates were employed to calculate d＇ sensitivity scores.Results：The main effects of group were significant in average reaction time （ART） of implicit cognition,implicit emotion and implicit behavioral intention （Ps ＜ 0.01）.Further multiple comparison results showed that there were significant differences in ART of implicit cognition test among the three groups.The ART of positive implicit cognition was significant longer in the ID group than in the common group and non-ID group [（594.2 ± 17.0） ms vs.（533.4 ± 15.5） ms vs.（503.3 ± 13.9） ms,Ps ＜0.01],while the ART of negative implicit cognition was significant shorter in the ID group than in the common group and non-ID group [（554.5 ± 18.5） ms vs.（600.6 ± 28.8） ms vs.（610.4 ± 19.8） ms,Ps ＜ 0.01].In test of implicit emotion,the ART was longer in the ID group than in the common group and non-ID group [for positive emotional words,（442.1 ± 18.5） ms vs.（415.6 ± 17.5） ms vs.（395.7 ± 12.9） ms; for negative emotional words,（434.3 ± 17.5） ms vs.（390.1 ± 13.1）ms vs.（389.8 ± 15.5） ms,Ps ＜0.01].In experiment of implicit behavioral intention,the ART of social situations was longer in the ID group than in the common group and non-ID group [（593.6 ± 10.7） ms vs.（395.6 ± 12.0）ms vs.（381.2 ±8.1） ms,Ps ＜0.01],and the d＇ value in the ID group was smaller than in the common group and non-ID group [（0.8 ±0.6） vs.（1.8 ±0.8） vs.（2.2 ±0.6）,Ps ＜0.05].Conclusion：These results indicate that the individuals with ID may show more negative implicit individual cognition,and emotional interference,and exhibit a characteristic ＂implicit withdrawal behavior＂ in social life.