通道控制的岩浆型矿床:以加拿大沃伊西湾铜镍矿床为例

Magma Type Deposit Controlled by Magma Conduit:Example of Ni-Cu Deposit from Voisey′s Bay of Canada

加拿大沃伊西湾铜镍矿床是20世纪末加拿大发现的最大矿床,而且近年还有新增储量的发现。该矿床储量不仅在世界同类矿床中排在前几名,而且是岩浆通道模式最经典的矿床。岩体控制矿体,该基性侵入体位于加拿大拉布拉多半岛(Labrador)北部中元古代奈恩深层岩套(Nain plutonic suite)中,岩体主要由西帝普斯岩体和东帝普斯岩体组成,它们由一条隐伏的岩浆通道所连接,矿体就位于岩浆通道中,形成典型岩浆通道成矿系统。岩浆通道的膨大部分形成了奥韦尔德矿床。对该矿成矿特征及其成矿模式的总结,对于寻找与岩浆通道成矿有关的矿床具有指导意义。

The Voisey＇s Bay copper-nickel deposit is the largest deposit found by the end of 20th century in Canada, and in recent years there are still new reserves discovered. The Voisey＇s Bay deposit is not only one the world top rankings of Cu-Ni ores for its reserves, but also is the most classic deposit of magma channel model. The plutons control the ore body, and the mafic intruded the Mesoproterozoic Nain Plutonic Suite located in Labrador, Canada. The pluton is composed of two intrusions, one is the heavily mineralized Eastern Deeps intrusion and another is buried Western Deeps intrusion. They are connected by an insidious magma channel, and the ore body emplaced in the magma conduit, forming a typical magma conduit mineralization system. The Ovoid deposit was formed at the enlargement place of the magma conduit partially. We sum up the mineralization characteristics and metallogenic model of this deposit, which will be helpful to guide the future ore exploration on magma conduit derived ore mineralization.