用作混凝土掺合料的火山岩的组成与火山灰活性

Constitution and Pozzolanic Activity of Volcanic Rocks Used as Mineral Admixture in Concrete

采集江西火山岩区代表性硅质火山岩样品,用化学分析、岩相学和X射线衍射(XRD)方法研究其化学组成、矿物类型和结构构造,采取火山岩石粉水泥砂浆强度比测定其火山灰活性指数,通过统计方法讨论并揭示硅质火山岩主要性能与火山灰活性的关系。结果表明:火山岩样品(除个别外)28d火山灰活性指数≥65%,可作为水泥砂浆和混凝土用天然火山灰质材料;珍珠岩火山灰活性最高,这是其玻璃质比例甚高和富硅铝质高温型矿物所致;角砾状熔结凝灰岩含较多大砾状岩屑和低温型矿物致使火山灰活性较低。火山岩岩相学分析的基质含量与XRD分析的非晶态相含量在岩石性能及对火山灰活性影响方面一致。火山岩活性指数与非晶态含量、化学成分SiO2含量或化学成分SiO2+Al2O3含量的复相关性表现良好,可应用活性指数与这些岩石主要参数的拟合方程预测火山岩的火山灰活性指数,从而判断其是否具备用作混凝土掺合料的潜质。

Representative specimens of siliceous volcanic rocks were firstly collected from main volcanic areas in Jiangxi Province, and then their chemical composition, mineral type, structure, texture and vitreous proportion were analyzed by chemical composition analysis, petrographic analysis and X-ray diffraction. The pozzolanic activity index for these volcanic rocks was determined via com- pression strength ratio analysis of cement mortar and cement mixing mortar with powder of volcanic rock. The relations between rock performance and pozzolanic activity were further discussed based on the statistical significance. The results indicate that the volcanic rocks possess a pozzolanic activity index of 〉~65% so to satisfy a demand of natural pozzolanic materials used as cement mortar and concrete according to the relevant standards. Perlite has the highest pozzolanic activity among these volcanic rocks due to the rich vitrescence on texture and silicon aluminum minerals generated at high temperature. However, the tuff with some big brecciated gravel fragments and minerals generated at low temperature appears a lower pozzolanic activity. The matrix content of volcanic rocks by petrographic analysis is consistent with the amorphous phase content of volcanic rocks on the rock properties and pozzolanic ac- tivity. There is a positive multiple correlation between the pozzolanic activity index and the amorphous content, silicon content or silicon aluminum contents, predicting the pozzolanic activity index by the fitting equations and further to analyze the potential of volcanic rocks used for mineral admixture in concrete.