2008-2011年中国特大道路交通伤害的流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis on heavy road traffic injuries in China,2008- 2011

目的分析2008-2011年中国特大道路交通伤害的流行特征,为制定预防和控制特大道路交通伤害提供科学依据。方法过录2008-2011年公安部交通管理局的交通事故资料中有关全国一次死亡10人(含10人)以上的特大道路交通伤害事故的资料和通过Google搜索引擎搜索的补充新闻资料为依据,经Excel 2003软件进行数据编码录入,用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析。结果 2008-2011年全国共发生特大道路交通事故114起,1 721人死亡,1 883人受伤,发生地区集中在中西部,云南、贵州和西藏3省占全国发生起数的1/5;发生时间多在2～3月和10～11月,时点为下午2点和3点;事故发生的道路依次为国道(41.23%)、省道(25.44%)和县道(11.40%);事故原因主要为碰撞(45.61%)和坠车(38.60%);70.18%的肇事车型为客车,以大型客车为主(53.51%);71.88%肇事车处于制动不良或制动失效等非正常状态,87.72%的事故由超速行驶(44.74%)或超载(15.79%)等违法过错所引发。结论遏制特大道路交通伤害的措施在于提高公众和机动车驾驶员的交通安全意识,从源头上完善路网安全建设和相关配套设施特,加大对公路客运公司的监管力度。

Objective To analyze the heavy road traffic injuries in China （2000 - 2011 ） and provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of the heavy road traffic injuries. Methods The data of heavy road traffic injuries in China （2008 -2011 ） were collected from traffic accident data by the Bureau of Traffic Management, Ministry of Public Security. News information were collected from search by Google search engine. Data were entered into computer database by using software Excel 2003 and analyzed by SPSS 21.0. Results There were 114 heavy road traffic injuries including 1 721 deaths and 1 883 traumas in China from 2000 to 2011. It was concentrated in the Midwest of the country, and of the 20% in Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province and The Tibet Autonomous Region. The heavy road traffic injuries occurred more frequently in February, March, October, November and most between 2 to 3pm. Road accidents were national road （41.23%） ,provincial（25.44% ） and country road （11.40%）. The causes of the accident were mainly the collision （45.61%） and crash （38.60%）. 70. 18% of the trouble-causing motor vehicle were passenger car, especially large pas- senger car （53.51%）. 71.88% trouble-causing car had in abnormal state such as brake bad or brake failure. 87.72% of the accidents were caused by speeding （44. 74% ） or overload （ 15.79% ） and other by illegal wrong operation. Conclu- sions It was the measures to maintain a good road traffic order and curb heavy road traffic injuries in raise awareness of the traffic safety of the public and motorists, improve the construction of road network in safety, enhance the supervision of the of company highway passenger transport.