某综合医院2003-2011年道路交通事故住院患者的死因分析

An analysis on causes of death for the inpatients caused by road traffic accidents in a comprehensive hospital from 2003 to 2011

目的揭示某综合医院道路交通事故住院患者的直接死因及其主要交通事故特征,为预防道路交通事故的发生和医院创伤救治提供基础资料和参考依据。方法对汕头市某综合医院2003-2011年道路交通事故住院患者的住院病案信息进行核实、统计分析。结果共收集7 039名病例,男女之比为2.35∶1,总死亡人数为145人,其中男性104人,女性41人,致死率为2.06%,秋季致死率高,随着年龄增加,死亡率增高,男性致死率高于女性致死率,其死亡率之比为1.08∶1。病人死亡的前3位直接死因为:重型颅脑损伤,脑肿胀,脑挫伤和创伤性硬膜下血肿;前3位交通事故类型为:未特指的机动车交通事故,骑摩托车与小汽车(轻型货车)相撞,行人与摩托车相撞;死者主要为摩托车骑乘者(64例,44.14%)。结论道路交通事故住院患者直接死因为颅脑损伤,主要事故类型为摩托车交通事故。应加强对摩托车事故预防,佩戴好头盔,医院要加强对颅脑损伤的有效救治与管理。

Objective To explore the direct cause of death and the main traffic accident characteristics of inpa- tients caused by road traffic accidents, so as to provide basement and reference for road traffic accidents prevention and trauma treatment in the hospital. Methods The medical record information of the inpatients caused by traffic accidents in a comprehensive hospital in Shantou from 2003 to 2011 was verified and analyzed. Results In all the 7 039 inpatients, the male to female ratio was 2. 35 ： 1. The number of death tolls was 145, including 104 male and 41 female, and the death rate was 2.06%. The highest mortality was observed in autumn. The death rate was increased with aging. The death rate of male to female was 1.08 ： 1. The rank of direct cause of death was severe craniocerebral injury, brain swelling, brain contusion and traumatic subdual hematoma. The rank of traffic accident types was ＂not otherwise specified＂, collision of riding a motorcycle with a car or a light truck, and collision of a motorcycle with a pedestrian. The main way of act in road traffic was motorcycle riders and pillions （n = 64, 44. 14% ）. Conclusions The direct reason of death of inpatients caused by traffic accidents was craniocerebral injury. The main accident type was a motorcycle accident. It is necessary to strengthen prevention to motorcycle traffic accidents and to wear a helmet. The hospital should put efforts on treatment and management of patients with craniocerebral injury.