老年人在家中跌倒的流行病学特征及其危险因素研究

Study on characteristics and risk factors of indoor falls in elderly adults

目的了解上海市长宁区社区老年人家中跌倒发生情况及其危险因素。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法选择居住在上海市长宁区的≥60岁常住居民2250人,应用自行设计的调查表对研究对象过去1年在家中跌倒的情况及相关因素进行调查。结果调查对象中男性1 075人(47.8%),女性1 175人(52.2%)。207位老年人过去1年至少发生1次家中跌倒,跌倒发生率为9.2%。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,平衡能力、居住状态和家居环境与老年人发生家中跌倒相关。平衡能力差、家居环境中致跌危险因素多、独居是老年人发生家中跌倒的危险因素。结论老年人家中跌倒的发生与多维度因素有关。提高老人的平衡能力,减少其家居环境的致跌危险因素,加强对独居老人的日常照顾是预防家中跌倒的主要措施。

Objective The aims of the study were to explore the characteristics and the potential risk factors of in- door falls in community-dwelling elderly adults. Methods A retrospective investigation was conducted among 2 250 adults aged 60 years old and above with stratified random sampling in Changning District, Shanghai. The information about the in- door falls and potential risk factors were collected by a structured questionnaire. Results A total of 207 adults had indoor falls at least once out of 2 250 elderly adults （ involving 1 075 males and 1 175 females） in the last year. The indoor fall in- jury incidence was 9. 2%. The multivariate unconditional Logistic analysis showed that the balance ability, home-living en- vironment, and residential status were risk factors of indoor falls. Elderly adults living alone, with poor balance ability, liv- ing in unsafe home-living environment were prone to have indoor falls. Conclusions Multidimensional factors were associ- ated with indoor falls for community-dwelling elderly adults. Improvement of elder＇ s balance ability, reducing the risk fac- tors of indoor environment, as well as care of elderly living along seem to be prioritized for the intervention strategy.