清宫铜器制造考——以雍、乾二朝为例

The Imperial Qing-court Copperware Manufacture in The Yongzheng and Qianlong Periods

中国铜器制造历史悠久,及至明清时期,以明宣德铜炉最为著名,至于清代铜器,则较少为人所知,似已无所作为。然而事实并非如此,文献和实物证明,有清一代,无论宫廷还是民间均有铜器制造,尤其清代的宫廷,曾大量制造各类铜器。本文主要依据雍、乾二朝的造办处档案及其他文献,对照实物,对清代铜器制造的规模、种类、特点及成就进行考证,同时也论及地方铜器制造和宣德铜炉的问题。

Although China has a long history in making bronze,copper and brass wares,the production in the Qing dynasty is less known to people than that in the Ming times which is best known for its Xuande copper censer.But it is true that the copperware production remained in both official and folk workshops in the Qing dynasty.The workshops under the Qing court were responsible for a large quantity of copperwares of any types.By comparing the artifacts with what is printed in the historical documents of the imperial workshops of Yongzheng's and Qianlong's regimes,this paper makes a textual research of the production-scale,types and features and achievements as well.It also analyzes some issues over the copperware manufacture outside the imperial workshops and the production of Xuande copper censer.