美国研究型大学的现状、问题与改革

Status,Problems and Reform of Research Universities in the U.S.

美国研究型大学的模式常常被其他国家的大学作为仿效的典范,不论是发展中国家还是发达国家。这与美国研究型大学在世界中的优秀表现分不开。然而,目前美国研究型大学也面临研究经费增速下降及分布不均衡,对优秀人才吸引力下降,学术自由受到新自由主义思想冲击等一些困境。为了继续维持在世界上的领导地位,美国政府将会增加对研究型大学的支持,重点支持基础研究和研究生教育,反思与批判新自由主义对大学的冲击。

Universities in many countries, either developing or developed, often regard American research universities as their model because of their excellent performance. However, research universities in the U. S. are now faced with problems such as a declined growth and uneven distribution of research funding, decreased attraction for talents, and attacks of neo-liberalism on academic freedom. In order to maintain its leading position in the world, the U. S. government will increase its support for research universities, emphasize basic research and graduate education, and fight against the attacks of neo-liberalism on universities.