清代潮州民间救济体系初探——以水灾为例

A Study on Chaozhou Folk Relief System in the Qing Dynasty——Take the Example of Floods

清代是潮州历史上水患最为严重的时期,而官方的赈济活动未能满足救灾的实际需要。由地方绅、商、民以及民间慈善机构和社会团体组成的民间救济体系,以其及时性、多样性、公益性、持续性等特征,在清代潮州地方防灾抗灾及灾后赈济活动中发挥了积极的作用,弥补了官赈的不足。从官方与民间救济力量的消长和互动,可以反映出清代地方社会的结构变化。

The Qing Dynasty witnessed the most serious floods in Chaozhou＇ s history, however, the offi- cial charity activity failed to meet the practical need of relief. Folk relief system composed by the local gentry, business and private charities and community groups, with its characteristics such as timeliness, diversity, pub- lic welfare, sustainability, played a positive role in Chaozhou local disaster prevention ,disaster relief and post-disaster relief activities, and made up for the deficiency of the official relief in the Qing Dynasty. The ebb and flow of official and private relief force and interaction reflected some changes of the local social structure in the Qing Dynasty.