德国刑事诉讼审前程序的思考与借鉴

Reflection on Germany Pretrial Criminal Procedure and Reference

以德国为代表的大陆法系国家,传统诉讼理念中强调对犯罪的控制,奉行职权主义的诉讼构造,普遍实行警检一体化,起诉法定主义和卷宗移送主义等法律制度。德国的现代刑事诉讼制度中,更多的关注了人权保障、权力控制、诉讼效率等问题。司法审查、警检合一等机制的缺失造成我国刑事诉讼的结构性缺陷,需要借鉴德国刑事诉讼审前程序运作的良性经验,反思我国的审前程序。

In the traditional idea of Civil Law countries represented by Germany, some universal legal institutions are implemented such as crimes control, inquisitorial procedural structure, police - and - prosecution unification, doctrine of legal prosecution and doctrine of deportation file and so on, focusing on human rights protection, authority control, litigation efficiency in modem Germany criminal litigation system. Aiming at the structural defect in criminal litigation due to deficiency of judicial review and police - and - prosecution unification, virtuous experiences from Germany pretrial criminal procedure should be adapted to rethink our pre - trail procedure.