载人机动装置救援轨迹优化设计

OPTIMIZATION OF RESCUE TRAJECTORIES FOR THE MANNED MANEUVERING UNIT

本文研究宇航员携带舱外机动装置 (MMU)进行舱外飞行 ,营救脱离空间站的目标 ,随后返回空间站的Hill制导方法。根据最小燃料指标 ,精度要求和时间约束 ,优化设计MMU出舱营救脱离空间站的宇航员或其它装置的飞行轨迹。求出 17种典型情况下的最小燃料解 ,提出了救援轨迹设计准则。本文分析了MMU交会目标过程中 ,导航和控制误差对Hill制导瞄准点误差的影响 ,提出了用多脉冲Hill制导按标称最优轨迹飞行的设计方案 ,从而既可以实现与目标和空间站的高精度交会 。

Based on the Hill guidance,optimization of the trajectories for the manned maneuvering unit(MMU) rescuing an astronaut or equipment which becomes separated from a space station is studied by considering minimum fuel,terminal accuracy,and time constrains.Minimum fuel solutions for seventeen typical cases are found and design rules for the rescue trajectories are developed.Targeting errors induced by navigation error and control error are analyzed and then a multi impulse Hill guidance scheme is presented by referring to the minimum fuel trajectories,so that highly accurate rendezvous and energy saving purpose are simultaneously reached.