神经美学：一个前景与挑战并存的新兴领域

Neuroaesthetics:An Emerging Discipline with Promises and Challenges

作为一门新兴的交叉学科,神经美学主要采用比较法、神经心理学方法及无损伤的脑成像技术来考察审美欣赏与艺术创造活动的神经机制。已有的神经美学研究大大促进了我们对于审美欣赏与艺术创造的神经基础的了解。未来的研究应该加强对舞蹈、雕刻和文学等艺术类别的研究,并对审美知觉、审美情绪及审美判断等主题进行更为深入细致的研究。同时,还应该加强与心理学、进化学、神经科学等邻近学科的联系,通过整合多学科的研究方法来促进神经美学的大力发展。神经美学是一门年轻的学科,在发展过程中也面临某些问题和挑战。例如研究的结果不一致、缺乏生态效度,研究方法上存在一定的缺陷等。

As an interdisciplinary field emerging recently, neuroaesthetics is often conceived as the study on the neural basis of the production and appreciation of artworks. Researchers in this field have developed a variety of methods to achieve their research goals, including parallelism approaches, neuropsychological methods and neruoimaging techniques. Studies in neuroaesthetics at present have added a lot of facts to our knowledge of the neural basis of aesthetic experience and art production. As neuroaesthetics moves forward, several domains can be explored profitably. Firstly, studies on the neural basis of production of artworks （ e. g. sculpture, literature, and dance） should be enhanced. Secondly, researchers should conduct in-depth studies on aesthetic perception, aesthetic emotion and aesthetic judgment. Thirdly, the interaction between scientists of different disciplines interested in the biological underpinnings of aesthetic and artistic behavior should be strengthened. Neuroaesthetics can also benefit from intensified interactions among the scientific approaches to aesthetics. As a young discipline, neuroaesthetics faces lots of problems and challenges, for example, the inconsistency of research outcomes, deficiency of ecological validity, and risks of reduction.