戈尔巴乔夫改革失败的西方因素

The Western Reason for the Failure of Gorbachev's Reform

苏共执政地位的丧失和苏联的解体标志着戈尔巴乔夫改革的失败。这个失败既有深刻的内部因素,又有不能忽视的外部诱因。笔者认为,以美国为首的西方同苏联的长期对抗构成了戈尔巴乔夫改革失败的外部因素,具体表现在:西方同苏联的长期对抗动摇了苏联人民的政治信仰,使苏共的合法性受到侵蚀;西方价值观对苏联的领导人、知识分子和广大人民群众产生了深刻的影响,使他们逐渐地从思想上背弃了社会主义;西方国家对东欧剧变和苏联民族分离运动的影响,迫使苏共放弃一党制原则;西方国家对苏联激进改革派的支持,使得戈尔巴乔夫受制于激进改革派,间接触发了"8·19政变";西方对苏联经济援助的不力,使戈尔巴乔夫经济改革计划落空。

The Soviet Communist Party＇s loss of ruling status and the disintegration of the Soviet Union showed the failure of Gorbachev＇s reform.The reason for this failure has not only profound internal factors,but also inevitable external causes.The author thinks that long-term fight between US-led western countries and the Soviet Union is the external factor for the failure of Gorbachev＇s reform in that,firstly,the long-term fight between the western countries and the Soviet Union shook the belief of the Soviet people so that the legitimacy of the Soviet Communist Party was weakened;secondly,the Soviet leaders,intellectuals and the public were deeply affected by western values,and thus they gradually gave up socialism;thirdly,greatly influenced by western countries,drastic changes happened in Eastern Europe and Soviet ethnic separatist movements took place,all of which forced the Soviet Communist Party to give up the principle of one-party system;fourthly,supported by western countries,the Soviet radical reformist restricted Gorbachev which finally led to＂8·19Coup＂;lastly,economic help from western countries was not strong enough,and Gorbachev＇s economic reform failed.