募兵制演进历史述评

Evolution of Mercenary System

现代募兵制的形成必须具备三个条件(因素):一是民族国家的确立;二是兵役商品化;三是公民兵役义务观的形成。考察募兵制的历史演进,就是要将募兵制作为一个历史范畴,以构成现代募兵制的上述三个条件为线索,探究它们在兵役活动中的形成、发展,以及它们是如何相互关联、共同作用,最终促成了完整意义上的现代募兵制。但是,受制于这些因素在新的历史条件下所面临的挑战与回应,募兵制有着其自身难以克服的局限性。

The formation of the modern mercenary system relays on three factors： establishment of the nation-state,commercialization of military service and formation of civic military service concept.To investigate the historical evolution of the mercenary system,we will take the mercenary system as a historical category.According to these factors above which constitute the modern mercenary,we will explore their formation,development,and how they are interrelated,interacted and eventually lead to the complete modern mercenary.However,subject to the challenges and response in the new historical conditions these factors face to,the mercenary system has it＇s own irresistible limitations.