新疆野核桃种子的表型变异及生长特征

Phenotypic variability and growth characteristics of wild walnut seeds in Xinjiang,Northwest China

大样本采集野核桃自然保护区野核桃种子全部14个类型和迁地移栽野核桃2个类型,分析了种子的表型变异性及其生长特征。结果表明:大多数种子纵径、横径和重量在不同野核桃类型间差异显著,各数量指标存在较大的可塑性;种子纵径以尖嘴型、铁壳型、矩圆型、心形型、歪嘴型、三棱型、纺锤型、薄壳型、卵圆型、小矩圆型、典型野核桃、长薄壳型、尖果型、小圆型顺序减小;横径以铁壳型、尖嘴型、矩圆型、心形型、典型野核桃、卵圆型、歪嘴型、三棱型、薄壳型、尖果型、小矩圆型、小圆型、纺锤型、长薄壳型顺序减小;壳厚度以小矩圆型最大,以歪嘴型最小;单果重量以铁壳型、矩圆型、尖嘴型、心形型、典型野核桃、卵圆型、歪嘴型、三棱型、尖果型、小圆型、纺锤型、薄壳型、小矩圆型、长薄壳型顺序减小;种子纵径与重量、横径与重量的生长关系可用乘幂、指数和对数方程刻画,均为异速生长型,种子各指标在不同生长期的生长快慢可通过各方程的性质反映。统计分析表明,新疆野核桃在迁地移栽后有更大的种子。

All the 14 types of wild walnut seeds and two types of the relocated transplanting wild walnut seeds in the Wild Walnut Nature Reserve in Xinjiang were collected, with their phenotyp- ic variability and growth characteristic analyzed. The seed vertical diameter, transverse diameter, and fruit weight of different types of wild walnuts were significantly different, and there was a great plasticity in different quantitative indices. The seed vertical diameter ranked as Juglans ros- trata, J. sclerodernu~, J. oblonga, J. cardata, J. obliquerostrata, J. Triangulata, J. fusifor- mis, J. leptocarya, J. ovata, J. microoblonga, J. cathayensis, J. duriuscula, J. brevirostrata, and J. microcarpa in descending order, and the seed transverse diameter ranked as J. scleroder- ma, J. Rostrata, J. oblonga, J. cardata, J. cathayensis, J. ovata, J. obliquerostrata, J. tri- angulata, J. leptocarya, J. brevirostrata, J. microoblonga, J. microcarpa, J. fusiformis, and J. duriuscula in descending order. J. Microoblonga had the maximum average shell thickness, while J. obliquerostrata had the minimum average shell thickness. The fruit weight ranked as J. Scleroderma , J. oblonga , J. rostrata , J. cardata , J. cathayensis , J. ovata , J. obliquerostrata , J. triangulata, J. brevirostrata, J. microcarpa, J. fusiformis, J. leptocarya, J. microoblonga, and J. duriuscula in descending order. The growth relationships of the vertical diameter with weight and of the transverse diameter with weight were described quantitatively by exponentiation equation, exponential equation, and logarithmic equation, and all the growth relationships were allometric. The ~rowth soeed of the seed indicators at different growth stages could also be reflec-ted by the equations mentioned-above. According to the analysis, the wild walnut after relocated transplanting had larger seeds.